نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

استادیار گروه زیست شناسی، دانشکده علوم، دانشگاه یاسوج

چکیده

مقدمه: شناسایی فلور هر ناحیه نه تنها نقش مهمی در حفاظت منابع ژنتیکی آن منطقه دارد، بلکه اطلاعات مفیدی برای سایر مطالعات علمی فراهم می‌کند. هدف این مطالعه شناسایی و معرفی فلور منطقه معدنی همه‌کسی واقع در استان همدان است که 2164 متر بالاتر از سطح دریا قرار دارد.
مواد و روش‌ها: گونه‌های گیاهی در فصل رویشی سال 1395 الی 1396 به روش پیمایش صحرایی جمع‌آوری شده و با استفاده از منابع مرتبط شناسایی شدند. سپس تعیین اشکال زیستی، پراکنش جغرافیایی، وضعیت حفاظتی و درصد گیاهان بوم‌زاد در منطقه معدنی همه‌کسی انجام شد. اشکال حیاتی بر اساس طبقه‌بندی Raunkiaer و کورولوژی آن‌ها بر اساس مناطق رویشی طبقه‌بندی شده توسط Zohary تعیین گردید.
نتایج و بحث: بر اساس نتایج به‌دست آمده، در مجموع 68 سرده و 79 گونه متعلق به 26 تیره ثبت شد. 16 تیره به دو‌لپه‌ای‌های حقیقی تعلق دارند، در حالی‌که پنج تیره متعلق به تک‌لپه‌ای‌‌ها هستند. Asteraceae، Poaceae و Lamiaceae به ترتیب بزرگ‌ترین تیره‌های گیاهی موجود در منطقه بودند. اشکال زیستی غالب به ترتیب شامل همی‌کریپتوفیت‌ها (52%) و تروفیت‌ها (20%) بودند. بیشترین پراکندگی جغرافیایی پوشش گیاهی متعلق به عناصر منطقه ایرانو-تورانی با 37 گونه (48 درصد) و پس از آن عناصر اروپایی-سیبری-ایرانی-تورانی با 14 گونه (18 درصد) تعیین شد. بر اساس داده‌های این مطالعه، 11 گونه بوم‌زاد، 9 گونه دارویی و 10 گیاه با خطر انقراض کم شناسایی شدند با توجه به فعالیت‌های انسانی در این منطقه، سیاست‌های حفاظتی باید به طور جدی برای حفظ غنای گونه‌ای و کاهش اثرات تخریب مدنظر قرار گیرد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

A contribution to flora, life form and chorology of plants in HameKasi mining area, Hamadan province, Iran

نویسندگان [English]

  • Marzieh Mousaei
  • Robabeh Shahi Shavvon

Assistant Professor, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Yasouj University

چکیده [English]

Introduction: Identification of flora of every region not only plays an important role in conserving of genetic resources of the region, but also provides useful data for other scientific researches. The goal of this study was to identify and introduce the flora of the mining area of Hamekasi in Hamadan province, located 2164 meter above sea levels.
Material and Methods: Plant specimens were collected in 2017 during active growth form by field–walk procedure and identified using relevant flora sources. Then, determination of life forms, geographical distribution as well as the conservation status and percentage of native plants were carried out in the mining area of HameKasi. Life forms were determined using Raunkiaer method and the chorology is based on the vegetation regions classified by Zohary.
Results and discussion: Based on the present results, a total of 68 genera and 79 species were recorded in the study area belonging to 26 families. Eudicots include 16 families while monocots consist of five families. Asteraceae, Poaceae and Lamiaceae were the most abundant families in the area, respectively. The predominant life forms included hemicryptophytes (52%) and therophytes (25%), respectively. The elements of Irano-Turanian region with 37 species (48%) have the highest geographical distribution of vegetation followed by European-Siberian/Irano-Turanian elements with 14 species (18%). According to the current assessment, 11 native, 9 medicinal and 10 low-risk species were identified. Due to human activities in the region, conservation policies should be seriously considered to preserve species richness and reduce the effects of destruction.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Endemic
  • Hemicryptophyte
  • Irano-Turanian region
  • Therophyte
Aghaei, R., Alvaninejad, S., Zolfaghari, R. and Gharehlar, M.R.M. (2013). Flora, life form and geographical              distribution of plants in West-South forests of Iran (case study: Vezg, Yasouj). International Journal of   Farming Allied Science, 2: 1046-1053.
Anderson, S. (1994). Area and endemism. The Quarterly Review of Biology, 69: 451–471.
APG IV (The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group). (2016). An update of the Angiosperm phylogeny group classification for           the orders and families of flowering plants. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 181 (1): 1–20.
Archibold, O.W. (1995). Ecology of world vegetation. Chapman and Hall. 510 Pp. London.
Askari, Y. and Mirdavoodi, H. (2020). Floristic study and chorology of plants species in Kohgiluyeh and Boyerahmad                 province (case study: Vezg Pass). 6th International conference on agricultural sciences, environment, urban                and rural development. International Organization for Academic Studies, 17 December, University of Georgia, Tbilisi, Georgia.
Assadi, M., Maassoumi, A.A., Khatamsaz, M. and Mozaffarian, V. (1988-2018). Flora of Iran, Vols. 1-149. Research                 Institute of Forests and Rangelands Publications. Tehran (In Persian).
Asri, Y. (2003). Plant diversity in Touran biosphere reservoir. Research institute of forests and rangelands, Tehran,   Iran, 306 p.
Barati, M. (2002). Histology and mineralogy of HameKasi iron mine, Department of Biology, Bu-Ali Sina University.                Research final report (In Persian).
Barbour, M.G., Burk, J.H. and Pitts, W.D. (1987). Terrestrial plant ecology, 2nd ed. The Benjamin/Cummings           publishing Company. 688 Pp. California.
Cheraghi, M., Lorestani, B., Khorasani, N., Yousefi, N. and Karami, M. (2011). Findings on the phytoextraction and                 phytostabilization of soils contaminated with heavy metals. Biological Trace Elem Research, 144: 1133–    1141.
Dehshiri, M., Safikhani, K. and Mostafavi, H. (2016). Alpine flora of some part of Alvand Mountain, Hamadan         province. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 8 (30): 89-104.
Eshghi Malayeri, B., Asgari Nematian, M., Kazemein, F. and Dehshiri, M.M. (2013). The study of flora and               determination of life forms of plants in Galali iron mine. Iranian Journal of Plant Biology, 1: 45-58.
Fakhimi, E. (2020). The effect of mining on changes in the diversity, richness, and structure of grassland vegetation (case study: Zarshak valley copper mine, Yazd province, Iran). Pastures and Desert Research of Iran, 27(4):      772-781.
Fattahi, B., Ghorbanpour Delivand, M., Gorgani, B. and Ghasemi Hajiabadi, F. (2021). Chorology, biological form, and                composition of species of plant elements in the southern slopes of the mountain ranges of Garmeh Malayer.                Plant Ecosystem Conservation, 9 (18): 267-285.
Ghahremaninejad, F., Shabkhiz, R. and Fereidounfar S. (2012). A floristic study on the weeds of wheat fields of Zanjan            province, Iran. Pakistan Journal of Weed Science Research, 18: 337-355.
Ghorbanli, M., and Asadollahi, F., and Joharchi, M. (2009). Introduction of flora and biological form and geographical               distribution of Taknar copper mine plants in Bardaskan city. Plant and Ecology, 5 (18): 2-16.
Gurgin Karaji, M., Karami, P. and Marofii, H. (2013). Introduction to the flora, life forms, and chorology of Saral of                 Kurdistan (Case study: sub catchment Farhadabad). Plant Research Journal, 26: 510-525 (In Persian).
Irannezhad Parizi, M., Saneei Shariat Panahi, M., Zobeyri, M., and Marvi Mohajer, M. (2001). A floristic and                 phytogeographical investigation of Khabr national park and Rouchun wildlife refuge. Iranian Journal of       Natural Resources, 54 (2): 111-129.
Irl, S.D., Obermeier, A., Beierkuhnlein, C. and Steinbauer, M.J. (2020). Climate controls plant life‐form patterns on a            high‐elevation oceanic island. Journal of Biogeography, 47 (10): 2261-2273.
IPNI. (2022). International Plant Names Index. Available from http://www.ipni.org, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew,                Harvard University Herbaria & Libraries and Australian National Botanic Gardens.
Jafari, Z., Kianian, M.K., Aslani, F. and Akbarlo, M. (2016). Floristic composition, life forms and geographical         distribution (case study: Lashgardar rangelands of Malayer, Iran). Journal of Environmental Science and           Technology, 9: 140-148 (In Persian).
Jafari, A. and Zarifian, A. (2015). Floristic study of Saverz mountain in Kohgiloyeh and Boyerahmad province, Journal           of Plant Research (Iranian Biology), 28 (5): 951-929.
Jalili, A. and Jamzad, Z. (1999). Red data book of Iran. Ministry of Jahad-e-Sazandegi. Tehran. 748 p.
Joharchi, M.R., Gorbanli, M. and Asadollahi, F. (2008). Introduction of flora, biological form, and geographical        distribution of Deh Zaman iron mine in Bardeskan city (Razavi Khorasan province). Plant Science Researches, 1(8): 47-55.
Kharazian, N., Abaeian, F. and Yousefi, M. (2017). Floristic study of Zar Cheshmeh protected region from Esfahan province. Journal of Plant Research, 30: 139-147.
Kuzevic, S., Bobikova, D. and Kuzevicova Z. (2022). Land cover and vegetation coverage changes in the mining      area—a case study from Slovakia. Sustainability, 14 (3): 1180.
Malayeri, B.E., Chehregani, A., Yousefi, N. and Lorestani B. (2008). Identification of the hyper accumulator plants in                Copper, and iron mine in Iran. Pakistan Journal of Biological Sciences, 11 (3): 490-492.
Mobayen, S. (1991). Phytogeography. Tehran University Press, Tehran. 271 p.
Noroozi, J., Akhani, H. and Breckle S.W. (2008). Biodiversity and phytogeography of the alpine flora of Iran.            Biodiversity Conservation, 17(3): 493–521.
Noroozi, J., Naqinezhad, A., Talebi, A., Doostmohammadi, M., Plutzar, C., Rumpf, S.B., Asgarpour, Z. and               Schneeweiss, G.M. (2019a). Hotspots of vascular plant endemism in a global biodiversity hotspot in Southwest   Asia suffer from significant conservation gaps. Biological Conservation, 237: 299–307.
Noroozi, J., Talebi, A., Doostmohammadi, M., Manafzadeh, S., Asgarpour, Z. and Schneeweiss, G.M. (2019b).         Endemic diversity, and distribution of the Iranian vascular flora across phytogeographical regions, biodiversity           hotspots and areas of endemism. Scientific Reports, 9:12991.
Noori, M., Malayeri, B., Mousaei, M., Pakzad, R., and Piriye, M.H. (2012). Effects of heavy metals on the antibacterial                properties of Verbascum speciosum Schard. Revista Científica UDO Agrícola, 12(2): 463-471.
Nouri, J., Khorasani, N., Lorestani, B., Karimi, M., Hassani, A.H. and Yousefi, N. (2009). Accumulation of heavy    metals in soil and uptake by plant species with phytoremediation potential. Environmental Earth Sciences, 59:     315–323. Pandey, R.P. and Parmar, P.J. (1993). An assessment of biological spectrum of flora of Rajasthan.                Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany, 17: 99-103.
Patel, R.M., Ashishkumar, and Kaneria, M.J. (2019). Floristic diversity, distribution, and conservation status in the   vicinity of coal mines of Kachchh District in Gujarat, India. Environmental Concerns and Sustainable       Development, 2: 145–173.
Rafay, M., Khan, R.A., Yaqoob, S., and Ahmad, M. (2013). Floristic composition of grass species in the degrading   rangelands of Cholistan desert. Pakistan Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 50: 599-603.
Rosas, Y.M., Peri, P.L., Lencinas, M.V., Lasagni, R. and Martinez Pastur, G.J. (2021). Improving the knowledge of plant potential biodiversity-ecosystem services links using maps at the regional level in Southern Patagonia.          Ecological Processes, 10: 53.
Raunkiaer, C. (1934). Plant life forms. Oxford University Press. 104 Pp. Clarendon.
Rechinger, K.H. (Ed.) (1963-2010). Flora Iranica vols. 1-178. -Graz: Akademische Druck-und Verlasanstalt (1-174),                Wien: Naturhistorisches Museum (175-178).
Shakib S., Bordbar F., Zangiabadi S., Mirtadzadini, M., Nejadgholamali, H. and Yavarzadeh, M. (2015). The study of              plant vegetation around copper mine of Miduk area of Shahr-e-Babak. Annual international congress. Shahid       Beheshti university, 2th June, Tehran, Iran.
Vakili Shahrebabaki, M., Atri, M. and Assadi, M. (2001). Floristic study of Meymand Shahrebabak and identification                biological forms and chorotype of area plants, M.S. Thesis, Tehran University, Iran (In Persian).
Wali, A.A., Mokhtari, F., Moaieri, M. and Amini, A. (2017). Anthropo-geomorphology of mining landscape (case    study: Lashotor stone mines). Quantitative Geomorphology Research, 3 (2): 104-116.
Yari, R., Heshmati, G. and Rafiei, H. (2017). Introduction of flora, morphology, geographical distribution, and           identification of the protection status of plants (case study: Chaharbagh summer meadows of Golestan   province). Journal of Plant Research, 31 (3): 736-750 (In Persian).
Yavari, A. and Shahgolzari, S.M. (2010). Floristic study of Khan-Gormaz protected area in Hamadan province, Iran.                International Journal of Agriculture and Biology, 12: 271-275.
Yousefi, N., Chehregani, A., Eshghi Malayeri, B. and Cheraghi, M. (2011). Investigating the effect of heavy metals on                developmental stages of anther and pollen in Chenopodium botrys L. (Chenopodiaceae). Biological Trace    Element Research, 144: 1142–1149.
Zargari, A. (1991). Medicinal plants. Tehran: Vol. 1-5. Tehran University Publications. 4272 p (In Persian).
Zohary, M. (1973). Geobotanical foundations of the Middle East. Vol. 2, Gustav Fisher Verlag. 739 Pp. Stuttgart.