نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانشیار گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه الزهرا

2 کارشناس ارشد گروه علوم گیاهی، دانشکده علوم زیستی، دانشگاه الزهرا

3 استادیار مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی خراسان رضوی، بخش تحقیقات اصلاح وتهیه نهال وبذر،، مشهد

چکیده

این مطالعه به منظور بررسی تغییر محتوای اسمولیتهای سازگار (شامل محتوای قند های احیا کننده و پرولین) وهمچنین پلی ساکارید های 4 رقم گندم تحت شرایط کمبود آب در شرایط مزرعه ای اجرا گردید. تیمارهای مورد بررسی شامل تنش رطوبت در مرحله رسیدگی بذر و رقم بودند که به صورت کرت های خرد شده در قالب طرح بلوکهای کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار مورد مطالعه قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای رطوبتی به صورت آبیاری مطلوب و قطع آبیاری از مرحله گلدهی اعمال گردید. ارقام مورد مطالعه شامل ارقام مرودشت (حساس)، پیشتاز و بهار (نیمه مقاوم) و لاین WS-82-9 (مقاوم) بودند.  نتایج نشان داد که کمترین میزان افت عملکرد ناشی از قطع آبیاری در مرحله پرشدن دانه در لاین WS-82-9 اتفاق می افتاد و بقیه ارقام تفاوت معنی داری آشکار نکردند (30 درصد در مقابل 43- 35 درصد در ارقام دیگر). بررسی های بیوشیمیایی نشان داد که تنش خشکی سبب تجمع  پرولین در برگ پرچم شد (در نمونه های شاهد μg/g FW   21-20 در مقایسه با μg/g FW 57 در لاین WS-82-9 و μg/g FW  83 در رقم بهار در ششمین روز اعمال تنش). با گذشت زمان از تفاوت بین محتوای پرولین برگ پرچم ارقام مختلف درشرایط فراهمی رطوبت و تنش آب کاسته شد. تغییر درصد قندهای محلول نیز روندی مشابه پرولین داشت.  بر اساس نتایج ما اعمال تنش رطوبتی سبب افزایش میزان قندهای محلول ساقه به خصوص در رقم مرودشت، بهار و لاین WS-82-9 شد. افزایش میزان قندهای محلول برگ پرچم در رقم بهار و پیشتاز و لاین WS-82-9 در مراحل میانی و در رقم مرودشت در مراحل انتهایی پرشدن دانه رخ داد . طی دوره تنش کم آبی محتوای پلی ساکاریدی برگ و ساقه تمام ارقام مورد بررسی به خصوص در ارقام حساس کاهش یافت (بیشترین شدت کاهش 52/0 و 67/0 درصد به ترتیب در برگ و ساقه ارقام مرودشت و پیشتاز و کمترین آن 31/0 و 37/0 درصد به ترتیب در برگ و ساقه رقم بهار و لاین WS-82-9 مشاهده شد). به نظر می رسد تجمع اسمولیت های سازگار و پرولین واکنشی عمومی در همه ارقام بود ولی سرعت روند افزایش این ترکیبات طی دوره تنش در ارقام مقاوم بیشتر بود.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Changes in compatible osmolite contents in four wheat cultivars under water stress

نویسندگان [English]

  • Azra Aaboora 1
  • Nooshin Barik roo 2
  • Hamidreza Sharifi 3

1 Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran

2 MSc student ,Department of Plant Science, Faculty of Biological Science, Alzahra University, Tehran

3 Assistant Professor , Khorasan Razavi Agricultural, Natural Resourses Reaseach center, Mashhad

چکیده [English]

This study aimed to investigate the alteration of compatible osmolite contents (including the content of reducing sugars and proline), as well as polysaccharides 4 wheat cultivars under water deficit conditions, this study was conducted in the field condition. Treatments were water stress and wheat genotypes that studied in a split plot experiment in RCBD design with three replications. Water stress treatments were done as cutting irrigation from anthesis period and optimum irrigation. Studied cultivars were Marvdasht (sensitive), Pishtaz and Bahar (semi-resistant), WS-82-9 (resistant). The results showed that the lowest decrease in grain yield was observed in WS-82-9 due to water stress in the grain filling period, the data did not reveal a significant difference among other cultivars (30% vs. 35-43% in the other cultivars). Biochemical studies showed that water stress caused accumulation of proline content in flag leaf, (21-20 μg/g FW in the control plants versus 57μg/g FW in WS-82-9 or 83 μg/g FW in Bahar cultivar, on the 6th days after drought stress). Over time, the difference between leaf proline content of the varieties were decreased in terms of water availability and water stress. Changes in the percentage of soluble sugars and proline contents showed the same trend. According to our results water stress caused to increased levels of soluble sugars in the stems especially in Marvdasht and Bahar cultivars and WS-82-9 line. Increased levels of soluble sugars occurred at the middle stage of grain filling in the flag leaf of Bahar and Pishtaz cultivars and WS-82-9 line, also this was occurred in Marvdasht at the late stage of grain filling. Polysaccharide content of the leaves and stems decreased in all cultivars by Water deficit, especially in susceptible varieties (highest decrease was observed about 0.52% and 0.67% respectively in leaves and stems of Marvdasht and Pishtaz and the lowest was found about 0.31% and 0.37% respectively in leaves and stems of Bahar and WS-82-9. It seems that compatible osmolites and proline accumulation (osmoregulation) is a common response of all wheat genotypes to drought stress but the rate of increase in these compounds was higher in resistant cultivars during stress 

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • osmoregulation
  • polysaccharide
  • prolin
  • soluble sugar
  • water stress
  • wheat
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