نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 استادیار ،گروه زیست شناسی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره) شهر ری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد رشته بیوشیمی، واحد یادگار امام خمینی (ره) شهر ری، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران،ایران

3 استادیار پژوهشی، موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

مقدمه: روش‌های مختلفی جهت حذف آلودگی‌های نفتی از منابع طبیعی وجود دارد که از این بین روش‌های زیستی به دلیل ارزان بودن، پایداری و زیست تخریب‌پذیر بودن، روش‌های مناسب‌تری به نظر می‌رسند. بر همین اساس هدف از تحقیق حاضر جداسازی و شناسایی باکتری‌های دارای توانایی تجزیه نفت از خاکهای آلوده‌ به منظور بدست آوردن شرایط بهینه تجزیه کنندگی این باکتری ها در مطالعات تکمیلی بود.

روش‌ها: نمونه‌برداری از خاک‌های مناطق آلوده در اطراف پالایشگاه تهران صورت گرفت و پس از جداسازی باکتری‌های تجزیه کننده‌ی نفت در محیط کشت دارای 2% نفت سفید (به عنوان تنها منبع کربن)، توانایی این ایزوله‌ها در تجزیه‌ی نفت با استفاده از دو تکنیک FT-IR و GC-MS ارزیابی شد. در نهایت این ایزوله‌ها با استفاده از روش‌های مورفولوژیک، بیوشیمیایی و مولکولی شناسایی شدند.

نتایج و بحث: نتایج حاصل نشان داد که سه ایزوله‌ی تجزیه کننده‌ی نفت، قادر بودند ترکیبات آروماتیک نفت را کاهش داده و یا کاملاً از بین ببرند. آن‌ها آلکان‌های پیچیده‌ی نفت را به آلکان‌های ساده‌تر تجزیه کرده و در محیط کشت آن‌ها، موادی با گروه‌های عاملی آمین و کربوکسیل (ترکیبات آلی) نیز مشاهده شد. شناسایی این سه جدایه نشان داد که آن‌ها به گونه‌های نوکاردیا، باسیلوس سوبتیلیس و اسینتوباکتر بومانی تعلق دارند. به عنوان نتیجه گیری می توان عنوان نمود استفاده از روش پالایش زیستی با استفاده از گونه های مذکور جایگزین مناسبی برای روش‌های فیزیکی و شیمیایی می باشد. جداسازی باکتری‌های بومی خاک که با مواد نفتی موجود در خاک سازش پیدا کرده‌اند می‌تواند در زمینه‌ی پالایش زیستی کمک کننده باشد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

موضوعات

عنوان مقاله [English]

Isolation and purification of petroleum-decomposing bacteria from contaminated soils and identification the resulted compounds of degradation of such compounds

نویسندگان [English]

  • Seyed Afshin Hosseini-Boldaji 1
  • Hamed Soltani 2
  • Maryam Teimouri 3

1 Assistant Professor.Department of Biology, Yadegare Imam Khomeini (Rah) Shehre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

2 Graduated student of MSc. In Biochemistry, Department of Biology, Yadegare Imam Khomeini (Rah) Shehre Rey Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran

3 Assistant Professor, Research Institute of Forest and Rangeland, Agricultural Research, Education and Extension organization, Tehran, Iran

چکیده [English]

Introduction: There are various methods to remove oil pollution from natural sources, which biological methods seem to be more appropriate methods due to their cheapness, sustainability and biodegradability. So, the aim of the present study was to isolate and identify the bacteria which able to degrade oil from contaminated soils to determine the optimal conditions for decomposition of these compounds in complementary studies.

Methods: Soil sampling was performed from contaminated areas around the Tehran refinery and after isolating oil-degrading bacteria in a culture medium containing 2% kerosene (as the only carbon source), the ability of separated isolates to oil degradation were evaluated using FTIR and GC-MS. Finally, these isolates were identified using morphological, biochemical and molecular methods.

Results and conclusion: The results showed that, three oil decomposing isolates were able to reduce or eliminate the aromatic compounds from the oil. They decomposed oil complex alkanes into simpler alkanes. So in their culture medium, substances with amine and carboxyl functional groups (organic compounds) were observed. The identification of these three isolates showed that they belong to the species Nocardia sp, Bacillus subtilis and Acinetobacter baumannii. As conclusion, the use of this biological method can be a good alternative for physical and chemical ones. Isolation of native soil bacteria that have adapted with petroleum products in the soil can be helpful for bioremediation.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Aromatic hydrocarbons
  • Bioremediation
  • Decomposing bacteria
  • Oil pollution
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