نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی
نویسندگان
1 دانشجوی کارشناسی ارشد گروه بیمار یشناسی گیاهی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد ورامین-پیشوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، تهران، ایران
2 دانشیار بیماری‌شناسی گیاهی، دانشکـده کشـاورزی، واحد ورامین-پیشـوا، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ورامین، تهران، ایران
3 دانشیار گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه اردکان، اردکان، ایران
4 دکتری بیماری شناسی گیاهی
چکیده
پسته یکی از مهم‌ترین اقلام صادراتی ایران است. یکی از بیماری‌هایی که در بیشتر مناطق پسته کاری به درخت پسته خسارت وارد می‌کند بیماری گموز با عامل Phytophthora drescleri است. قارچ‌های مایکوریزا از جمله میکروارگانیسم‌های موفق در زمینه کنترل بیولوژیک و از عوامل تأثیرگذار بر کاهش شدت بروز بیماری های پوسیدگی ریشه هستند. عناصر غذایی قادر به افزایش سطح تحمل یا مقاومت گیاهان به بعضی بیماری‌ها نیز هستند. در این پژوهش با استفاده از قارچ‌های مایکوریزا و عناصر غذایی مختلف به مبارزه با بیماری گموز پرداخته شد. در این مطالعه ابتدا ترکیبات سولفات آمونیوم، سولفات پتاسیم و سوپرفسفات تریپل علیه این بیماری به کار گرفته شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین میزان کاهش رشد قارچ بیمارگر مربوط به غلظت 2500 پی‌پی‌ام ترکیب سولفات آمونیوم با میزان 16/67 درصد نسبت به شاهد بود. در بخش دوم این مطالعه تأثیر تیمارهای مختلف شامل استفاده از قارچ مایکوریزا و سولفات آمونیوم هر کدام به تنهایی و همچنین ترکیب این دو در کاهش بیماری ناشی از بیمارگر P. drescleri بر روی صفاتی مانند وزن تر و خشک ریشه و اندام‌های هوایی و همچنین میزان عناصر فسفر، نیتروژن و پتاسیم مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفت. در نهایت میزان بیان دو ژن پراکسیداز و کاتالاز در این مطالعه ارزیابی شد. نتایج نشان داد زمانی‌که از تیمار قارچ مایکوریزا و سولفات آمونیوم به صورت همزمان استفاده شد، بیشترین وزن خشک و تر اندام هوایی و ریشه، در مورد هر دو رقم سرخس و بادامی زرند در عدم حضور بیمارگر، مشاهده شد.
کلیدواژه‌ها
عنوان مقاله [English]
The Effect of Mycorrhiza and Nutrients on Some Pistachio Seed characters in Interaction with Phytophtora drescleri
نویسندگان [English]
- elham babzan 1
- maleki mojdeh 2
- jalal Gholamnezhad 3
- Fatemeh Naserinasab 4
1 M.Sc. Plant Pathology, Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Tehran, Iran
2 Associate Professor Department of Plant Pathology, Faculty of Agriculture, Varamin-Pishva Branch, Islamic Azad University, Varamin, Tehran, Iran
3 Associate ProfessorDepartment of Horticultural Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Ardakan University, Ardakan, Iran
4 Phd of Plant pathology
چکیده [English]
Pistachio is one of the most important export crops of Iran. One of the diseases that damages pistachio trees in most pistachio growing areas is Gumosis disease caused by Phytophthora drescleri. Mycorrhizal fungi are the most successful microorganisms in the field of biological control and one of the effective agents to reduce the root rot diseases incidence caused by P. drescleri. Nutrients are also able to increase the level of tolerance or resistance of plants against to some diseases. In this study, mycorrhizal fungi and various nutrients were used to control the root rot disease. In this study, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate and triple superphosphate compounds were used against the root rot disease in vitro. The results showed that the highest amount of growth inhibition of pathogen was related to 2500 ppm concentration of ammonium sulfate with 67.16%. In the second section of the study, the effect of different treatments including mycorrhiza and ammonium sulfate alone and their combination in the reducing P. drescleri disease on characters such as fresh and dry root and shoots and shoots. The levels of phosphorus, nitrogen and potassium were evaluated. Finally, the expression levels of the two peroxidase and catalase genes was measured. The results showed that the combination of fungal mycorrhiza and ammonium sulfate always had the highest dry and fresh weight of shoots and roots among the treatments applied in both cultivars in the absence of pathogen.
کلیدواژه‌ها [English]
- Gummosis
- Mycorrhiza
- Nutrients
- Gene Expression
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