Research Paper
Faegheh Etminani; Adibeh Etminani
Abstract
Abstract: Endophytic bacteria are able to control plant pathogens by producing antagonistic compounds. This research was conducted to determine antagonistic ability of bacterial endophytes in egg plant (Solanum melongena L.). In this research endophytic bacteria were isolated from root of eggplant (Solanum ...
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Abstract: Endophytic bacteria are able to control plant pathogens by producing antagonistic compounds. This research was conducted to determine antagonistic ability of bacterial endophytes in egg plant (Solanum melongena L.). In this research endophytic bacteria were isolated from root of eggplant (Solanum melongena L.). Strains were surveyed for siderophore, Hydrogen cyanide and protease tests. 5 isolates were selected for genetic assay. After genomic DNA extraction, 16S rDNA gene was amplified using PCR for precisely bacterial identification. Then, the PCR product was sequenced by BLAST All isolated bacteria were able to produce protease. Only one strain (eg5) was able to produce cyanide hydrogen. The siderophore test was positive for two strains (eg2 and eg4). Based on the 16S rDNA sequence studies, this bacterium belonged to Bacillus endophyticus and indicated 100% similarity to type strain. The endophytic bacteria isolated in this study can be used to promote plant growth. Knowledge about endophytic bacteria- plant interaction can provide effective strategy to develop sustainable agriculture in order to ensure yield improvement without affecting environment.
Research Paper
maryam panahandeh; maryam morovati
Abstract
Heavy metals are part of the environmental pollutants and have the capability of aggregation in various aquatic tissues.In this study, the concentration of various heavy metals (Lead, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium and Chromium) was measured by atomic absorption method in water of different parts of Anzali wetland ...
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Heavy metals are part of the environmental pollutants and have the capability of aggregation in various aquatic tissues.In this study, the concentration of various heavy metals (Lead, Zinc, Copper, Cadmium and Chromium) was measured by atomic absorption method in water of different parts of Anzali wetland and different fish muscle tissue )Esox lucius, Cyprinus carpio ,Chalcalburnus chalcoides, Abramis brama, Carassius carassius).The results showed that the highest concentration of metals in water media related to Zink (1.77± 0.06 mgl-1) which was measured in the central part of Anzali wetland, Also, the lowest concentration of metals related to Chromium (0.027 ± 0.01 mgl-1) was measured in the western part of Anzali wetland. In this study The highest concentrations of the elements measured in the fish muscle tissue belong to the zinc element(26.34 ± 4.45 µgr /g) for Esox lucius and the lowest concentrations of the elements belong to the cadmium element (0.1±0.09 µgr /g) for Chalcalburnus chalcoides. The results of the risk assessment of the heavy metals on the life of Anzali wetland ecosystem indicate that two elements of cadmium and zinc in water for Anzali wetland fish are at high potential risk.
Research Paper
ahmad hosseini; JAFAR HOSEINZADEH
Abstract
to determine the natural establishment pattern of Pistacia atlantica and Acer cineracens regeneration, three stands of Daalaab protected forests, Ilam province, with different topographic conditions during spring and summer of 1395 was investigated. Regeneration establishment positions were included ...
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to determine the natural establishment pattern of Pistacia atlantica and Acer cineracens regeneration, three stands of Daalaab protected forests, Ilam province, with different topographic conditions during spring and summer of 1395 was investigated. Regeneration establishment positions were included "under the tree", "under the shrub", "under the bush", "next to the rock" and "bare space". In each stand one transect was established in the direction perpendicular to the slope and along it for each regeneration establishment position three replications were selected and for each a 15m2 circular permanent plot was established. In each plot number of seedlings and their heights was measured. The most amount of regeneration for P. atlantica was found in north aspect and height of 1400 meters a. s. l., and for A. cineracens in a north aspect and 1550 meters a. s. l.. The most amount of P. atlantica regeneration was found in under the canopy of Q. persica and P. atlantica trees and the lowest amount of it depending on site conditions was found in under the canopy of A. cineracens trees and next to the rocks, and not found in bare spaces. The most regeneration establishment amount of Q. persica and P. atlantica was found in north side of tree shelter and for P. atlantica at a distance of 1/3 tree crown. The most density of tall seedlings was found at a distances of 2/3 and 3/3 tree crown and the lowest was found at a distance of 1/3 tree crown.
Research Paper
Nastooh Heidari; Moshdeh chelehmal; Mehran Javaheri baboli
Abstract
Three hundred sixty juveniles were randomly distributed into 4 treatments each with three replicates and reared in 300 liter tanks for 2 month. Three experimental treatments were fed with stevia supplemented diet at different concentration (100, 2000 and 3000 ppm) and and control group were feed with ...
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Three hundred sixty juveniles were randomly distributed into 4 treatments each with three replicates and reared in 300 liter tanks for 2 month. Three experimental treatments were fed with stevia supplemented diet at different concentration (100, 2000 and 3000 ppm) and and control group were feed with non –supplemented diets . At the end of treatments following growth parameters: condition factor, specific growth rate, relative growth rate, weight gain, length gain, food conversion ratio ,protein efficiency ratio were measured . Chemical properties of fillet including the amount of fat, crude protein, fiber, carbohydrate, ash and moisture were measured before and at the end of treatment. Results show that there was significant effect on all studied parameters such as weight gain(21.15±3.775 g) relative growth rate(0.211±0.037%),specific growth rate(1.540±0.182%) among fish fed with stevia supplemented diet at 2000 ppm and that of the control(p<0.05). According to the chemical properties, significant difference was observed between all experimental groups and control group(p<0.05). Results show that there was no significant effect on the amount of ash among fish fed with stevia supplemented foods and that of the control (p>0.05). Based on the results of this study, incorporating stevia extract at concentration of 2000ppm had a significant effect on enhancing growth parameters and chemical properties of common carp.
Research Paper
Imaneh Dehghani; Akbar Mostajeran
Abstract
One way to improve the quantity and quality of wheat production is to use homologous bacterial strains of Azosprillum brasilense. To determine homologous strains, evaluation of growth parameters and defence indexes is essential. This study was conducted to determine a homologous association system using ...
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One way to improve the quantity and quality of wheat production is to use homologous bacterial strains of Azosprillum brasilense. To determine homologous strains, evaluation of growth parameters and defence indexes is essential. This study was conducted to determine a homologous association system using combination of six cultivars of wheat native to Iran named Omid, Sardari, Roshan, Shoaleh, Tabasi and Shahpasand with two bacterial strains (Sp7and Sp245) of A. brasilense with 107 CFU ml-1. The plant samples of 10 days-old were obtained for growth and biochemical analysis. The results show that the average measured indexes such as dry weight, maximum shoot length, root length, number of roots and their branches, protein, Tyrosine ammonia lyase and Phenylalanin ammonia lyase activities were increased due to inoculation of wheat with Sp7 and Sp245 except for prolin. All measured indexes were higher in Sp245 compared to Sp7. The best combination was Roshan-Sp245 associated system with several folds higher in average values as compared to other combinations.
Research Paper
Mehrdad Babarabie; Hosein Zarei; Mohsen Yazdanian
Abstract
In recent years the use of chemical fertilizers, have adverse environmental effects and consequences on the health of humans and other living organisms. Compost is a mixture of organic materials processed, for a long time due to certain unique Moderators effects on characteristics of physical, chemical ...
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In recent years the use of chemical fertilizers, have adverse environmental effects and consequences on the health of humans and other living organisms. Compost is a mixture of organic materials processed, for a long time due to certain unique Moderators effects on characteristics of physical, chemical and biological of soil and thus grow and increase the product has been beneficial. Formless of compost, provides many problems in distributing them at ground level or at the time of mixing with other potted mixtures. The use of pellets compost is one of the ways to resolve this problem. The aim of this study was examine the contents of the composting of organic materials and other waste produced by the larvae of Potosia cuprea and compare them with the vermicompost and capabilities pellets they were chosen by the larvae. For this purpose, kitchen waste, leaves of vines, mulberry, cut lawn, and mixtures of different leaves (figs, paulownia, mulberry and grapes) were used. Results showed that the highest electrical conductivity, organic matter, total nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus was obtained in compost the kitchen waste. The highest pH, converting the waste to composting and compost uniformity were related to cut lawn. The results showed that the larvae Potosia cuprea had a significant impact on the production of pellet compost. Although pH and electrical conductivity in produced Compost, were higher than vermicompost but, the top of other content and pellets, the use of which makes it possible.
Research Paper
Somayeh Sharifi fard; Mansoreh Ghaeni; Laleh Romiyani
Abstract
.The results of ANOVA showed that the highest rate of lipid per liter in salinity of 45 g / l and the amount was 98.74%, but there was not significant difference with other treatments. Among all the fatty acids measured, Myristic acid has the highest values in all 4 treatments, however, showed the highest ...
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.The results of ANOVA showed that the highest rate of lipid per liter in salinity of 45 g / l and the amount was 98.74%, but there was not significant difference with other treatments. Among all the fatty acids measured, Myristic acid has the highest values in all 4 treatments, however, showed the highest value in treatment 4 (salinity of 45 g / L), total saturated fatty acids and also total monounsaturated fatty acids(MUFA) showed not significant difference between treatments(p>0.05). total polyunsaturated fatty acids(PUFA) and also total omega-6 fatty acids had the highest valus in treatment 4 (salinity of 45 g / L), but total omega-3 fatty acids had highest valus in treatment 3(salinity of 30g/l). Also in the case of Protein, The highest valus of protein was observed in treatment 2 With the amount of 60.21% and following that, the treatment 1 with the amount of 51.71% and treatment 3 with amount of 49.29% were placed respectively in degrees the second and third. The lowest valus of protein was observed in treatment 4 with amount of 47.71%. The findings of this research showed that Spirulina microalgae could be grow successfully in high salinity waters without major impact on their fatty acids.
Research Paper
Razieh Kasalkheh; Eisa Jorjani; Hossein Sabouri; Meisam Habibi; Ali Sattarian
Abstract
In order to micro-morphology study of seed Rubus L. seven seed specimens were collected from different habitats in North of Iran stereo and SEM microscopic methods were applied. The characters were evaluated included dimension, shape, size, trichome and ornaments on surface. The results demonstrated ...
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In order to micro-morphology study of seed Rubus L. seven seed specimens were collected from different habitats in North of Iran stereo and SEM microscopic methods were applied. The characters were evaluated included dimension, shape, size, trichome and ornaments on surface. The results demonstrated that the mean size of seed was 2-4 mm; the biggest pyrenes were seen in R.caesius, R.sanctus and smallest in R.hirtus, R. dolichocarpus. pyrenes were formed in different shapes e.g., reniform (R. caesius), triangular form (R.discolor), elliptical form (R.hirtus, R.dolichocarpus, R.hyrcanus), ovate form (R. persicus) and oblique form (R. sanctus). Ornaments on the endocarp surface were presented variably; proments of surface was varied from low to high in treated species. White color was seen in all examined species. Stellate and simple trichome just presented in R. sanctus. General results confirmed that pyrenes morphology of Rubus were valuable character for identification.
Research Paper
Hadi Nosrati; Parto Roshandel
Abstract
In the present study the effects of Si (0.5 and 1 mM) have been investigated in two varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris (pinto bean and green bean) subjected to salinity (50 mM). Two series of experiments were separately arranged in completely randomized design for each of bean varieties and 12-day-old seedlings ...
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In the present study the effects of Si (0.5 and 1 mM) have been investigated in two varieties of Phaseolus vulgaris (pinto bean and green bean) subjected to salinity (50 mM). Two series of experiments were separately arranged in completely randomized design for each of bean varieties and 12-day-old seedlings were introduced to the treatments which lasted for four weeks. The evaluated parameters were dry matters of the shoots and roots, total chlorophyll contents, membrane electrolyte leakage, proline and relative water content of leaves, Na+ and K+ concentrations in the shoots and roots. The results indicated salt stress significantly decreased biomass, K+ level, total chlorophyll and relative water content of leaves, whilst the concentration of Na+, proline and membrane electrolyte leakage increased. Si nutrition caused a marked increment in percentage of biomass in pinto bean which it was more than that of in green bean. Data analysis suggests Si increases salt tolerance in pinto bean by relatively blocking of Na+ entrance along with increasing relative water content of leaves and decreasing membrane electrolyte leakage in the leaves.
Research Paper
masud Hashemi Karoui
Abstract
Occurrence Rate Determination of Candidian Denture Stomatitis in Patients of Dentistry Centers and Survey Susceptibility Them to Antifungal Agents Hashemi Karoei Seyed Masoud1* Department of Microbiology, tonekabon Branch Islamic Azad University, Iran Abstract The presence or entry of Candida yeast to ...
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Occurrence Rate Determination of Candidian Denture Stomatitis in Patients of Dentistry Centers and Survey Susceptibility Them to Antifungal Agents Hashemi Karoei Seyed Masoud1* Department of Microbiology, tonekabon Branch Islamic Azad University, Iran Abstract The presence or entry of Candida yeast to the oral cavity with underlying conditions plays an essential role in the creation Denture stomatitis. Different types of Candida especially C. albicans able to create Denture stomatitis that shows different reacts to antifungal drugs. The aim of this study was determination of Candidian denture stomatitis and sensitive of them to antifungal drugs that was performed with laboratory tests and gel diffusion method. In this research Candida yeast isolated and identified in 20 samples (%46.51) of 43 samples of Denture stomatitis that were 13 cases (65%) C. albicans, 4 cases (20%) C.kerosei, 1 cases (5%) C.tropicalis and 2 cases (10%) other Candida. By comparing the average diameter of growth inhibition zoon of Candida according to kind of antifungal drug by Duncan test it was found that with P v < 0.001 Terbinafine with growth inhibition zoon Equal to 43.15 ± 4.52 and Griseofulvin with growth inhibition zoon Equal to 8.25 ± 6.40 had highest and the lowest effect respectively. Key word: Occurrence Rate, Candidian Denture Stomatitis, Dentistry Centers, Antifungal Agents
Research Paper
Mojtaba Yazdani; Masomeh Khosravi; Akram Ahmadi
Abstract
Many algae produce large amounts of oil that can be converted to biodiesel. To study the lipid production, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliqus and Spirulina platensis were selected. Samplings from different regions were done and cultivated in suitable condition. Based on results, the lowest amount ...
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Many algae produce large amounts of oil that can be converted to biodiesel. To study the lipid production, Chlorella vulgaris, Scenedesmus obliqus and Spirulina platensis were selected. Samplings from different regions were done and cultivated in suitable condition. Based on results, the lowest amount of saturated fatty acids was observed in the Chlorella vulgaris (21.79%). Lauric acid (C12:0), Meristic acid (C14:0), Penta-dicyclic acid (C15:0), Palmitic acid (C16:0) and Stearic acid (C18:0) were observed in all species in different amount. The greatest amount of unsaturated fatty acid was observed in Chlorella vulgaris. The diversity of fatty acids were different among species. Most of the diversity of fatty acids were observed in Scenedesmus obliqus with 22 fatty acids while that was 12 and 10 in Chlorella vulgaris and Spirulina platensis respectively. The highest amount of EPA and DHA saturated fatty acids were observed in Scenedesmus obliques. The greatest amount of unsaturated fatty acids belongs to the Linolenic acid (C18: 3). The greatest amount of 2-bands unsaturated fatty acid were observed in Spirulina platensis with 18.6%. The greatest amount of 3-bands unsaturated fatty acid were observed in Chlorella vulgaris was measured at 48.53%. 4-bands unsaturated fatty acids were observed only in Scenedesmus obliques. Most of fatty acids composition in studied microalgae were unsaturated fatty acids types.
Research Paper
Naser Jafari; seyedeh mobarake hosseini kolaie; Mohammadali Ebrahimzadeh
Abstract
Euphorbia helioscopia L. is one of the important medicinal plants used in traditional medicine all over the world. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ecological and edaphic factors on the active ingredients of this plant. For this purpose, the Euphorbia plant was collected from 3 different ...
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Euphorbia helioscopia L. is one of the important medicinal plants used in traditional medicine all over the world. This study was conducted to investigate the effect of ecological and edaphic factors on the active ingredients of this plant. For this purpose, the Euphorbia plant was collected from 3 different altitudes (1861, 949 and 236 m) with 3 replications. The extract was then prepared using acidic methanol and its phenol content was calculated according to the standard curve of gallic acid and flavonoid based on the quercetin curve. Its antioxidant activity was also investigated in 3 methods of DPPH, nitric oxide and reducing power. This study has clearly shown that the biological activity of the extract depends on the amount of phenol and its flavonoids. The results of this study show that Euphorbia plant in Challufe region has the best antioxidant activity in the nitric oxide test and at the highest concentration (800 μg/ml) compared to the other two regions. Our results also showed that the ability of the extracts of Euphorbia in the three studied areas to inhibit nitric oxide free radicals was concentration dependent and increased with increasing concentration of their anti-radical activity. The results of this study showed that the species of Euphorbia had a high total phenol and flavonoid content and antioxidant activity. Which can be used as a medicinal plant species.
