Research Paper
Mostafa Khoshhal Sarmast; hasan Salehi
Abstract
Potential influence of AgNPs on plant genetic transformation through Agrobacterium has not yet been addressed. Here we showed that the growth of Agrobacterium was suppressed in 10 µg/ml AgNPs but controlling the overgrowth of these bacteria would effectively necessitate a higher concentration of ...
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Potential influence of AgNPs on plant genetic transformation through Agrobacterium has not yet been addressed. Here we showed that the growth of Agrobacterium was suppressed in 10 µg/ml AgNPs but controlling the overgrowth of these bacteria would effectively necessitate a higher concentration of AgNPs when tobacco explants have inoculated with A. rhizogenes. Research result indicated that applying more than 150 µg/ml AgNPs and more, resulted in leaf injury and application of 100 µg/ml of AgNPs was unable to suppress bacteria regrowth after co-cultivation with tobacco leaves. The concurrent application of the AgNPs and Cefotaxime with different concentration was investigated and results indicated that using 100 µg/ml of AgNPs along with 200 mg/l of cefotaxime lead to the lowest leaf injury and the highest regeneration potential. This application not only caused a reduction in heavy metal toxicity but also decreases excess concentrations of antibiotics during the course of transformation. TEM manifested that the AgNPs could suppress Agrobacterium growth by potentially anchoring to and penetrating the bacterial cell wall. Our results suggest that the simultaneous use of AgNPs along with Cefotaxime can suppress the overgrowth of Agrobacterium during plant transformation. The result of this experiment can open a new window for application of AgNPs with lower diameter in order to suppress bacteria overgrowth.
Research Paper
Seyed Ali rezaei Jamnani; Ali Mirabi
Abstract
Abstract This research has been conducted to analyzeessential oil and ethanol extract and investigate the antioxidant activity of the ethanol and n-hexane extracts of the Melissa officinalis leaves collected from Hezar Jarib area of Behshahr. Melissa officinalis leaf can be considered as a substitute ...
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Abstract This research has been conducted to analyzeessential oil and ethanol extract and investigate the antioxidant activity of the ethanol and n-hexane extracts of the Melissa officinalis leaves collected from Hezar Jarib area of Behshahr. Melissa officinalis leaf can be considered as a substitute of the synthetic antioxidants. The leaves of the plant were collected from its natural habitats in the heights of Mazandaran province in early September. In this study, chemical composition of the essential oil and ethanol extract of the Melissa officinalis leaf were analyzed by GC/MS. The antioxidant activity of the ethanol and n-hexane extracts is investigated using method of DPPH and compared to the synthetic antioxidant of ascorbic acid. The results showed that the main components of essential oil are: Phenoxyethanol (31.66%), total of Carryophyllene Oxide enantiomer (24.71%), totoal of Citral enantiomer (13.89%) and totoal of Caryophyllene enantiomer (9.88%) also the main components of ethanol extract are: Carryophyllene Oxide (28.95%), totoal of 2-Hydrazino–Nicotinic acid (11.37%), Phytol (8.61%) and β-Caryophyllene (7.44%) respectively. Also the Ic50 of the ethanol and n-hexane extracts are determined 39.05 and 98.93 μg/ml respectively, and in the FRAP method the ability of reducing of the ethanol and n-hexane extracts were 91.3 and 105.5 μg/ml respectively. By comparing the results, extracts have antioxidant effect and ability of reducing so can be used in medicine industries.
Research Paper
Aboozar Saeedipour; Ebrahim Gholamalipour Alamdari; Abbass Biabani; Zainab Avarseji; Alii Nakhzari Moghadam
Abstract
Due to the plant production of biological active compounds, allelopathy is formed from plants or their remnants. This has some effects on germination, growth and development of the same species or other species. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic stress of different ...
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Due to the plant production of biological active compounds, allelopathy is formed from plants or their remnants. This has some effects on germination, growth and development of the same species or other species. For this purpose, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the allelopathic stress of different amounts of Cyperus esculentus weed remains (0, 12, 24, 36 and 48 g per 3 Kg loamy soil) on germination and morphophysiological characteristics of aggressive weeds of Ipomoea tricolor and Cucumis melo. This experiment was done in the form of two seprated experiments in a completely randomized design with five treatments and three replications in the pot condition. Findings showed that the intensity of allelopathic effects of C. esculentus on two weeds of I. tricolor and C. melo was decrasing and significant based on the amount of residue of C. esculentus in the soil. So that traits such as rate and germination percentage, leaf area, fresh and dry weight of root, stem, leaf and also the content of chlorophyll a, b, total and carotenoids in I. tricolor more affected under allelopathic compounds of different plant residues of C. esculentus as compared to control. Studing the trend of changes in proline content and catalase activity in I. tricolor and C. melo also indicates some characteristics such as increasing values of C. esculentus remnants. Lower photosynthetic pigments and more severe reduction of germination and growth traits in I. tricolor as compared to C. melo can be testify to the greater sensitivity of these species in the presence of allelopathic substances of C. esculentus. Due to the high biomass on farms, its proved allelopathic effect C. esculentus can be a candidate for the production of biological derived herbicides.
Research Paper
Mohadeseh Shojaee; Fariba Sharifnia; mostafa assadi; Iraj Mehregan
Abstract
In this survey, 9 Iranian taxa of Anemone L. and Pulsatilla Mill. are studied by their leaf macro and micro-morphological features to understand the importance of these characteristics in identifying taxa of these genera. In order to achieve more accurate results the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) ...
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In this survey, 9 Iranian taxa of Anemone L. and Pulsatilla Mill. are studied by their leaf macro and micro-morphological features to understand the importance of these characteristics in identifying taxa of these genera. In order to achieve more accurate results the scanning electronic microscope (SEM) is also used. Several features such as size, shape, trichome, epidermal pattern, segment shape and tip of leaf are tested. 4 types including Trisect, Palmately trisect, Ternately compound and Pinnaitesec are observed based on leaf shape and 4 types which are reticulate, rugos, striate and simple are identified based on epidermal pattern. Using Principal Component Analysis, it is observed that features such as length, shape, epidermal pattern and segment shape of leaf demonstrate the most distinctive characteristics and they are capable of separating the species and even the varieties. Furthermore, the separation of the taxa is well observed in phenogram.
Research Paper
Mahdieh Emadi; Parvaneh Maghami; Khatereh Khorsandi; Reza Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Cartap hydrochloride on the structure and function of hemoglobin to determine the molecular mechanism of toxicity of toxin. In this research, the effect of Cartap on the structure and aggregation of human hemoglobin was investigated by UV-visible ...
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The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Cartap hydrochloride on the structure and function of hemoglobin to determine the molecular mechanism of toxicity of toxin. In this research, the effect of Cartap on the structure and aggregation of human hemoglobin was investigated by UV-visible spectroscopy, thermal spectroscopy, florescent spectroscopy and Attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared (ATR‐FTIR) spectroscopy in both titration and incubation conditions and in different concentrations of toxic. Based on UV-visible spectroscopy, results revealed that absorption spectra were changed by adding different concentrations of toxin. Analysis of the levels of oxy-deoxy and met hemoglobin in presence of various concentration of Cartap showed a decrease in active hemoglobin species. Moreover, the aggregation and hemolysis of red blood cells increased in presence of Cartap. In florescent spectroscopy minor degradation of Heme happened and in the second structure of hemoglobin has not altered in presence of toxin.
Research Paper
MOJDEH FARAZMANDI; Abbas Mirzakhani; NOORAli Sajedi; Masoud Gomarian; MOHAMMAD NASRI
Abstract
In order to investigate the application effects of different levels of benzyl adenine ( BA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-Mcp) on some bio-chemical characteristics and vase life of rose (Rosa hybrid L. cv. Royal Bacara),an experiment was carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with ...
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In order to investigate the application effects of different levels of benzyl adenine ( BA) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-Mcp) on some bio-chemical characteristics and vase life of rose (Rosa hybrid L. cv. Royal Bacara),an experiment was carried out as factorial based on completely randomized design with three replications during 2017. Experimental factors included BA in three levels of 0, 75, and 150 ppm, and 1-Mcp in three concentrations of 0, 1, and 2 (µlit.lit). The results showed that the interaction of BA and 1-Mcp was significant on the biochemical characteristics and the vase life of roses.The highest antioxidant rate SOD, K and vase life in the treatment of 150 ppm BAalong with 2 µlit/lit 1-Mcp was achieved. This treatment was allocated the lowest rate MDA, DT and Ec. This results indicated that BA and 1-Mcp have effect on durability of rose.In general, the result showed that application of 1 or 2 µlit/lit 1-Mcp along with150 ppm AB was improve some physiological and biochemical characteristics and vase life ofrose cut flower.
Research Paper
Akram Qasemzadeh; Masoumeh Bahrekazemi
Abstract
The use of copper sulfate as an algaecide in fish farms can cause poisoning in fish and harm their growth and health. Due to the effect of water calcium amount on copper sulfate toxicity, in this study, the effect of seven-day calcium carbonate pretreatment on reducing copper toxicity in common carp ...
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The use of copper sulfate as an algaecide in fish farms can cause poisoning in fish and harm their growth and health. Due to the effect of water calcium amount on copper sulfate toxicity, in this study, the effect of seven-day calcium carbonate pretreatment on reducing copper toxicity in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) was investigated at two different temperatures. Initially, half of the carp were raised in water which 200 mg / L of calcium carbonate was added to for one week. Then, all fish were reared at concentrations of 0, 1.5 and 3 mg /L of copper sulfate at 22 and 27 °C for 60 days. Based on the results, weight gain and condition factor decreased and the percentage of mortality and feed conversion ratio increased significantly, with increasing the amounts of copper and temperature (p < 0.05). In both groups of fish, the numbers of red and white blood cells, and the amounts of hemoglobin and hematocrit decreased with increasing copper sulfate concentration and temperature, and MCV and MCH increased. But in the case of MCHC, no clear trend was observed. Also, the positive interaction of all three parameters of pretreatment with calcium carbonate, temperature, and copper sulfate concentration was not significant only in the case of white blood cells and mortality (P>0.05). Therefore, increased copper sulfate can affect the growth efficiency, nutrition, and survival of fish, especially at 27 ° C, and pretreatment with calcium carbonate can significantly reduce the negative effect of copper sulfate in competition with copper...
Research Paper
Amir Abbas Minaeifar; Saeid Dehghanpour Farashah; Saeedeh Sadat Mirzadeh Vaghefi
Abstract
There are many medicinal plants in Iran that are not endangered but their indigenous knowledge is rapidly eroding due to lifestyle changes. In this paper, along with the study of flora, Life forms, and chorotype of medicinal plants of Taft County, tried to collect and record the ethnobotanical knowledge ...
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There are many medicinal plants in Iran that are not endangered but their indigenous knowledge is rapidly eroding due to lifestyle changes. In this paper, along with the study of flora, Life forms, and chorotype of medicinal plants of Taft County, tried to collect and record the ethnobotanical knowledge of medicinal plants in this county. After determining the different habitat areas of the county, collection of medicinal plants and indigenous knowledge about the medicinal properties of herbs was done. According to the results of this study, 91 species of medicinal plants were identified. The Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, and Brassicaceae families, have the most species. species belonging to the Iran- Turanian region show most frequency and The most common life form was therophytes. Ethnobotanical knowledge shows these species are mainly used to treat digestive, respiratory and urinary problems. One of the basic prerequisites for achieving sustainable development is the proper management of natural areas, it is important to recognize species in order to prevent them from being destroyed. These researches, In addition to demonstrating the importance of botany in applied research, can leads to the proper environmental planning, and being the basis for sustainable exploitation of natural resources.
Research Paper
Arefeh Mohammadi Sanjani; Monir Hosseinzadeh; mona sorahi
Abstract
Silver nanoparticles are widely used in industry, medicine, biotechnology and agriculture. As a consequence, these nanoparticles are reaching the environment as waste products, which might have a negative impact on the environment, especially on plants. In this study, the effects of two concentrations ...
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Silver nanoparticles are widely used in industry, medicine, biotechnology and agriculture. As a consequence, these nanoparticles are reaching the environment as waste products, which might have a negative impact on the environment, especially on plants. In this study, the effects of two concentrations (5 and 7 ppm) of silver nanoparticles on safflower (Carthamus tinctorius) were investigated in vitro. Increased germination rate in from 70% (in non treated control) up to 90% (in 7 ppm nanosilver treated seeds) was bserved. 5% higher dry weight biomas in 5 ppm nanosilver treated plants and 12% lower biomas in 7% treated ones as compared to their non-treated controls confirmed that the toxicity threshold level is between these two concentrations. Increased thickness of epidermis layer and root hairs length as well as deletion of schloranchima cells in roots under silver nanoparticle was observed in anatomical study of safflower. The results also showed a remarkable decrease in and proline content in root while induction of MDA and proline content was observed in shoot under nanosilver treatment that can be an indicator for induction of oxidative stress in shoot by treatment. Moreover, nanosilver causes induction of chlrophyll a, total chlrophyll and carotenoid contenten in safflower.
Research Paper
Ali Asghar Zohrevandi; Khosro Sagheb Talebi
Abstract
AbstractIn order to investigate the effect of Environmental factors for the propagation of wild pears (Pyrus spp.), after gathering some basic data, distribution limits of this specie in Kermanshah province was identified. Later on, the distribution areas were classified into three altitudinal ranges ...
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AbstractIn order to investigate the effect of Environmental factors for the propagation of wild pears (Pyrus spp.), after gathering some basic data, distribution limits of this specie in Kermanshah province was identified. Later on, the distribution areas were classified into three altitudinal ranges including (>1500, 1500-2000, < 2000m a.s.l.), four geographical directions including (North, South, West and East) and also different land forms including (Valley, Slope, Slope edge and Flat). To gather requisite information, some 1000m2 plots were established in each mentioned situation at least with three replications. Considering the density of the studied species (the presence of the desired tree in a group in a plot). Results showed that Slope form with west aspect At a range of 1500m to 2000 m a.s.l. prepared the best position for distribution of Pyrus spp.. Also Principle Component Analysis(PCA) of soil in Pyrus spp. provenance, positive effect of chemical elements such as: EC ,C,pH and negative effect of Caco3 on growth parameters of Pyrus spp. were indicated Mean while physic elements such as: Silt and Clay preferred positive effect on growth parameters at surface layer.
