Research Paper
Seyedeh Mohadeseh Ehsani; Reza Tamartash; Gholamali Heshmati; Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the LFA method to predict the species diversity indices. Sampling was carried out using 140 plots of 1 m2 along 14 transects based on a randomly-systematic design and so, the final index of soil infiltration, nutrient cycle and soil stability was calculated. ...
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This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of the LFA method to predict the species diversity indices. Sampling was carried out using 140 plots of 1 m2 along 14 transects based on a randomly-systematic design and so, the final index of soil infiltration, nutrient cycle and soil stability was calculated. Also, the cluster analysis was applied to determine the similarity between the variability indices, soil surface parameters and final indices by using PAST software. The results showed that at the level of 1percentage (P≤0.01), the Shannon diversity and Simpson indices were predicted by altitude from the sea level and nutrient cycle parameters, respectively and, richness index were predicted by these two parameters. It seems that the LFA method can create the final indices by considering and scoring some of the surface parameters of the soil (eleventh indices) and these indices can finally display the ecosystem's performance finally display the ecosystem's performance.
Research Paper
Kaveh Khodayari; Parviz Abdolmaleki.
Abstract
Aggregation of proteins lead to form amyloid diseases including Alzheimer, Parkinson and diabetes type II has been increasingly considered recently. Compounds including indole rings are the best amyloid aggregation inhibitors. Experimental studies have shown that bis(indolyl)-2-methyl[H1] [M2] phenylmethane ...
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Aggregation of proteins lead to form amyloid diseases including Alzheimer, Parkinson and diabetes type II has been increasingly considered recently. Compounds including indole rings are the best amyloid aggregation inhibitors. Experimental studies have shown that bis(indolyl)-2-methyl[H1] [M2] phenylmethane (BI2MPM) has a great [H3] [M4] inhibitory potential on Lysozyme amyloid fibril formation, While bis(indolyl)-3-nitrophenylmethane [M5] (BI3NPM) has shown weaker inhibitory power. In this study, the interaction of these two ligands was investigated on amyloid model protein using molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulation techniques. Molecular Docking method showed similar reluctance to both ligands in amyloid nucleus model but in different binding positions. Molecular dynamics simulation showed that BI2MPM with major degradation on the beta structure of early fibril precursors, leads to lower interaction. It also increases structural changes in the subtypes of beta-strands and induces instability and stops fibrillation growth, but BI3NPM has minimum changes on the fibrils core structures
Research Paper
Sayed Mohammad Reza Khoshroo
Abstract
Aspergillus niger were isolated from the soil and surface of corn seeds purified and identified according to morphological characteristics. The irradiation rate was calculated based on the duration of UV radiation received in Jules per square meter. The specific method of Marier and Boulet was used to ...
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Aspergillus niger were isolated from the soil and surface of corn seeds purified and identified according to morphological characteristics. The irradiation rate was calculated based on the duration of UV radiation received in Jules per square meter. The specific method of Marier and Boulet was used to quantitatively measure the production of citric acid. Radiation with 1200 seconds showed the greatest effect on the increase in the production of citric acid. The mean production of citric acid in the preferable mutated isolates and parents were 51.01 and 37.87 mg/l respectively, which increased by 14.14 g/l. In the study of the stability of mutated genotypes, the mean production of citric acid in 1200 seconds of radiation in the fourth consecutive culture of the first culture was not statistically significant. The performance and efficacy of mutated isolates (5uv) showed an increase in the production of citric acid by about 3 times compared to parent isolates. In isolation of 5uv and its parents, the kinetic parameters of product formation (citric acid) were twice as high and the kinetic parameters of the substrate (glucose consumption) were approximately equal, while the dry weight of the cell mass in the isolate 5uv increased relative to the parental isolate 5 with the same gradient. In this study, it was found that random mutations with UV radiation have improved the kinetic parameters of the production of citric acid versus glucose consumption as a substrate.
Research Paper
Mohammad Mehdi Dehshiri
Abstract
Determination of the factors affecting on species distribution and diversity is the most important factor in ecosystems management. The study on plant species diversity in different elevations of Nova Mountain located in 10 km Dalahou was aimed. For this purpose, 240 plots were selected based on a random-systematic ...
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Determination of the factors affecting on species distribution and diversity is the most important factor in ecosystems management. The study on plant species diversity in different elevations of Nova Mountain located in 10 km Dalahou was aimed. For this purpose, 240 plots were selected based on a random-systematic design according with minimal area method. All the plots were divided into three altitudinal classes. ANOVA analysis used to study of altitudinal class differences with species richness and species diversity indices. In total, 177 species belong to 128 genera and 37 families were recognized. Therophytes with 69 species (38.98%) were the most frequent life forms. The results showed that the highest number of species is related to lower elevations class (1600 to 1900 m a.s.l.). Irano-Turanian species had the highest number in the studied area. Analysis of variances for biodiversity indices in different altitudinal classes showed the indices of species richness and species diversity have significant differences at the 0.05 and 0.01 levels, respectively. In total, results showed the elevation has significant effect on species richness and diversity in which, the higher elevations class has lower species diversity.
Research Paper
Atieh Sadat Razavi; Parisa Tajer Mohammad Ghazvini; javad hamedi
Abstract
Biomineralization of selenium by bacteria not only has the potential to remove toxic selenium oxyanions from the environment, but can also produce nano- scale elemental selenium. In this work, the response surface method (RSM) based on the Box- Behnken design was used for evaluation and optimization ...
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Biomineralization of selenium by bacteria not only has the potential to remove toxic selenium oxyanions from the environment, but can also produce nano- scale elemental selenium. In this work, the response surface method (RSM) based on the Box- Behnken design was used for evaluation and optimization of the different process parameters effect on the bioreduction process of selenate. The proposed second order model with a correlation coefficient R2 = 0.96 appropriately predicted the process behavior and determined the 41.25 percent reduction of selenate by Bacillus sp. Strain TR-6 at 5.24 percent initial bacterial inoculation, process time of 24 h and 3.8 mM concentration of sodium selenate as the optimum condition. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) with the Energy Dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) confirmed the ability of the selected bacteria to produce selenium nanospheres. Finally, Bacillus sp. Strain TR-6 is determined as a valuable candidate for nano- technologies and selenium biomineralization processes.
Research Paper
Marjan Seiedy
Abstract
The predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an effective predator feeding on different insect and mite pests such as whiteflies, thrips and two-spotted spider mites. This predator and entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana are important natural enemies of Trialeurodes ...
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The predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae) is an effective predator feeding on different insect and mite pests such as whiteflies, thrips and two-spotted spider mites. This predator and entomopathogenic fungus, Beauveria bassiana are important natural enemies of Trialeurodes vaporariorum (Westwood) (Homoptera: Aleyrodidae). In this study, the effect of fungus-infected T. vaporariorum (105 conidia ml-1) on the development, longevity and oviposition rate of the predatory mite in different time intervals (0, 24, 48 and 72 hours) at 25±1°C, 60–70٪RH and a photoperiod of 16:8 h (L: D) under laboratory condition was investigated. The results indicated that developmental period of the predatory mite fed on tween 80-treated T. vaporariorum (Control) and fungus-treated T. vaporariorum (time interval 0) was shorter than other time intervals of infection. The results showed that there were significant differences between the treatments in oviposition rate. It shows unfavorable effect of entomopathogenic fungus by increasing of infection longevity. So, it is better to use A. swirskii and B. bassiana simultaneously.
Research Paper
Fatemeh Shaki; Hasan Ebrahimzadeh Maboud; Vahid Niknam
Abstract
Salinity is one of the most important environmental factor that limits plant growth and its productivity. In addition, salinity has affected a significant part of agricultural lands. Therefore, identifying the methods that reduce the effect of salinity on plants to prevent plant yield loss can be one ...
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Salinity is one of the most important environmental factor that limits plant growth and its productivity. In addition, salinity has affected a significant part of agricultural lands. Therefore, identifying the methods that reduce the effect of salinity on plants to prevent plant yield loss can be one way to cope with this problem. In this study, the effect of salicylic acid and penconazole was investigated on some physiological and molecular paramethers in safflower under salinity. Sodium chloride (0, 100, 200 mM), salicylic acid (1mM), and penconazole (15mg/l) were applied for 21 days on plants. Results revealed that protein content decreased under salinity while, proline, glycine betaine, H2O2, MDA, phenolics, and DPPH activity increased as well as SOS1 and NHX1 genes expression. Exogenous application of salicylic acid and penconazole increased protein, glycine betaine, H2O2, and phenolic contents, DPPH activity, as well as SOS1 and NHX1 genes expression under salinity. But, proline content decreased by salicylic acid and MDA content decreased by penconazole. Additionally, the results showed that the interaction of these two regulators could have antagonistic or synergist effects in plants. Overall, it seems that the exogenous application of these growth regulators can cause the adaptability of safflower to salinity. Due to the low price and availability, the use of these components can be considered in order to increase the resistance of safflower to salinity.
Research Paper
Hojatollah Fathi; Jaafar Hosseinzadeh
Abstract
Ilam province is one of the natural habitats of wild pear (Pyrus syriaca Boiss) in Iran. Fruit harvesting, inappropriate grazing forest areas, deforestation and agricultural development in recent years has endangered the existence of the species. In this study, the major habitats of the species in Ilam ...
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Ilam province is one of the natural habitats of wild pear (Pyrus syriaca Boiss) in Iran. Fruit harvesting, inappropriate grazing forest areas, deforestation and agricultural development in recent years has endangered the existence of the species. In this study, the major habitats of the species in Ilam province, which located in the forest area of Zardalan in the north eastern city of Chardavol in Ilam province, is studied. After specifying the study area on the map 1:50000, using desired parameters, the maps of slope, aspect and elevation were prepared and then by combined together, work units were determined. In each unit, according to its area, at least three random circular sample plots with area of 1000 m2 randomly settled and environmental characteristics such as slope, aspect, elevation, geographical longitude and latitude were determined. Then all the qualitative and quantitative parameters of wild pear were measured and recorded in the plots. The results showed that wild pear in intermediate slopes (15 to 30 percent) have the highest height and diameter at breast height. It was observed that, in point of health crown, crown shape and trunk quality, north aspects for wild pear are the best conditions. The findings also showed that the best trunk quality is at altitude between (1500 to 1750m), but no significant correlation between altitude and other qualitative and quantitative variables of wild pear was found.
Research Paper
Mina Taghizadeh; Parvin Karimi; mousa solgi
Abstract
Phytoremediation as a cost-effective and environmental friendly technique used to polluted soils with heavy metals contamination. The present study was aimed to evaluate the resistance and remediation of Tamarix aphylla calli affected by in vitro mutagenesis with. In the first step, optimization of callus ...
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Phytoremediation as a cost-effective and environmental friendly technique used to polluted soils with heavy metals contamination. The present study was aimed to evaluate the resistance and remediation of Tamarix aphylla calli affected by in vitro mutagenesis with. In the first step, optimization of callus induction and mutation in media with different concentrations of -2,4 was performed. The third experiments involved the evaluating of resistance and remeditaion rate of callus to cadmium at the concentrations of 0-40 mg L-1 in both treated and untreated explants with Ethyl methanesulfonate in medium. The highest survival and induction of callus was induced by the concentration of 1 mg L-1 2,4-D during the short time. Ethyl methanesulfonate at concentration of 0.2 percentage and 30 minutes made the maximum survival and minimum blacking phenomenon of explants. The highest accumulation of cadmium was obtained 1053.56 mg kg-1 dry weight in callus treated by 40 mg L-1 cadmium.
Research Paper
Sepideh Keshavarz Fard; Mousa Solgi; Hossein Bagheri; Iman Shahrjerdi
Abstract
Using of humic acid and adding Biochar to soil could be used as an effective way to reduce the harmful effects of drought stress in Zinnia elegans. The effects of three factors: biochar (three levels 0, 20 and 40 g / kg of potting soil), humic acid (three levels 0, 250 and 500 mg / L, soluble) and two ...
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Using of humic acid and adding Biochar to soil could be used as an effective way to reduce the harmful effects of drought stress in Zinnia elegans. The effects of three factors: biochar (three levels 0, 20 and 40 g / kg of potting soil), humic acid (three levels 0, 250 and 500 mg / L, soluble) and two irrigation levels (50 and 100% crop capacity)was investigated in this experiment. According to the results, drought stress reduced the amount of chlorophylls, content phosphorus and potassium leaves, but increased amount carotenoids, ion leakage, proline, nitrogen and magnesium elements. The use of Biochar increases potassium and ion leakage. Humic acid reduced the content of proline in the studied plants, reducing the drought stress. The effect of Biochar and humic acid on the amount chlorophyll a and total chlorophyll, nitrogen and phosphorus were significant. The use of humic acid causes confront with drought stress and its use under drought stress conditions is recommended. The use Biochar is advisable in lack of phosphorus and nitrogen elements.
