Research Paper
Herbal
Mehdi Kakaei; Sahar Bakhtyiari; hojatolah mazaher laghab
Abstract
Background and purpose: cultivated alfalfa, which is known as green gold, is one of the best and most suitable fodder plants known in the world. Leaf weevil pest of alfalfa is considered as one of the limiting stresses in alfalfa production in the conditions of Iran. Material and Methods: In order to ...
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Background and purpose: cultivated alfalfa, which is known as green gold, is one of the best and most suitable fodder plants known in the world. Leaf weevil pest of alfalfa is considered as one of the limiting stresses in alfalfa production in the conditions of Iran. Material and Methods: In order to group pest tolerance in cultivated alfalfa, the traits of 30 alfalfa genotypes in the germplasm were evaluated in the training farm of Bu-ali Sina University. Findings: The interaction between the varieties and the levels of pest attack showed significant differences in relation to weevil number, fresh forage yield, dry forage yield, plant height at the time of harvesting at1% and the amount of damage at 5% probability. The number of larva had significant positive correlation at a level of 5% with damage amounts. In stepwise regression, damage percent as dependent and other traits as independent variables were used. The results showed that larvae number, leaf chlorophyll extent and plant height with 30/01 cumulative coefficient explained the most variations of damage percent. Conclusion: Considering to the percent of damage and the average comparison for other traits, Yazdi35 and Maoopa102 with the least number of larvae and the least percent of damage respectively and the highest height in attack or damage time as the most tolerance and cultivars Tak Buteh92 and MahalieMiandoab with the most larval number, damage percent and the lowest plant height were recognized as the most susceptible cultivars towards alfalfa weevil attack at damage time too.
Research Paper
Herbal
Azadeh Taheri; Monireh Cheniany; Ali Ganjeali; Afsaneh Arefi-Oskouie
Abstract
Background and purpose: Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. is a perennial plant from the Lamiaceae family, widely distributed in different regions of Iran. This research aimed to investigate the content of some phenolic derivatives (phenolic, flavonoid, flavone & flavonol, ortho-diphenol, and phenolic ...
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Background and purpose: Ziziphora clinopodioides Lam. is a perennial plant from the Lamiaceae family, widely distributed in different regions of Iran. This research aimed to investigate the content of some phenolic derivatives (phenolic, flavonoid, flavone & flavonol, ortho-diphenol, and phenolic acid) during the vegetative growth of three populations of Z. clinopodioides belonging to North Khorasan province. Material and methods: For this purpose, the seeds collected from the regions ('Darkesh and Havar', 'Teymourtash', and 'Reine') were planted in pots and harvested at two vegetative growth periods (two and five months). After the sampling, the aerial part and root were separated and the mentioned phenolic derivatives were measured by spectrophotometric methods. Findings: The results showed that the content of phenolic derivatives is significantly affected by the type of population, plant part (aerial part and root), and age (growth stage). Therefore, the aerial part of Z. clinopodioides belonging to 'Darkesh and Havar' population, in the two-month stage, has more phenolic derivatives [total content of phenolics 11.91 mg GAE/g DW, flavonoids 13.55 mg CAT/g DW, flavone & flavonols 5.94 mg QUE/g DW, ortho-diphenols 2.95 mg GAE/g DW, and phenolic acids 2.44 mg CAE/g DW] than the five-month stage. Conclusion: In general, apart from the aerial part and the root, 'Darkesh and Haver' and 'Teymourtash' populations were reported as the selected population in terms of higher phenolic derivative contents in both vegetative growth stages. These results will help to select superior populations with higher content of metabolites and optimal use in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
Morahem Ashengroph; Somayeh Fattahi
Abstract
Introduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in a variety of industries, including coatings, disinfectants, water purification, and medicine, due to their small size and unique physical and chemical properties. To avoid the use of chemicals, extracellular biosynthesis of AgNPs using fungal systems ...
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Introduction: Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are used in a variety of industries, including coatings, disinfectants, water purification, and medicine, due to their small size and unique physical and chemical properties. To avoid the use of chemicals, extracellular biosynthesis of AgNPs using fungal systems is an appropriate method. In this study, the extracellular biosynthesis of AgNPs by the resting cell of the fungus Aspergillus niger ZRS14 was investigated, and the synthesis process was optimized using Taguchi's statistical method. Methods: The effect of biomass parameters, incubation time, pH and silver nitrate concentration in three levels was performed using Qualitek-4 software. The characteristics of the synthesized AgNPs were determined by spectroscopic analysis including UV-Vis spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, and field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM). Results and discussion: The results showed that the selected strain under optimal conditions including 2 mM silver nitrate, pH 6, temperature 32 ◦C, and after 72 h incubation, spherical silver nanoparticles with an average size of 24 to 38 nm in extracellular form synthesized under resting cell strategy. Because of the coating of fungi-secreted proteins, synthetic spherical elemental AgNPs have a crystalline nature, a small size, and high stability.
Research Paper
animal
akbar hajizadeh moghaddam; Kosar Taghizadeh; sedigheh khanjani jelodar; Vahid Hasantabar
Abstract
Introduction: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a common chemical solvent that causes oxidative stress and brain damage. Alpha-pinene with antioxidant properties plays an important role in reducing oxidative stress and improving inflammation. However, Alpha-pinene has low bioavailability due to low solubility. ...
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Introduction: Carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) is a common chemical solvent that causes oxidative stress and brain damage. Alpha-pinene with antioxidant properties plays an important role in reducing oxidative stress and improving inflammation. However, Alpha-pinene has low bioavailability due to low solubility. The purpose of this study is to investigate the protective effects of Alpha-pinene nanophytosome on brain damage caused by CCl4 in male rats. Metods: In this research, 35 male Wistar rats were divided into five groups control, Alpha-pinene nanophytosome (50 mg/kg ) for 14 days, CCl4 (1 mg/kg) twice a week for 14 days and two CCl4 treated groups with Alpha-pinene and Alpha-pinene nanophytosome (50 mg/kg ) for 14 days. Finally, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) and glutathione (GSH) as well as the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) enzymes were investigated. Results and discussion: Our results revealed that, the level of GSH (P<0.001) and the activity of antioxidant enzymes (P<0.01) in the brain of rats receiving CCl4 significantly decreased compared to the control group, while Alpha-pinene nanophytosome increased significantly. The level of MDA in the brain of rats receiving CCl4 increased significantly (P<0.001) compared to the control group, while Alphapinene nanophytosome significantly reduced MDA level. The findings of this research show that Alpha-pinene nanophytosome can protects the brain against oxidative stress and damage caused by CCl4.
Research Paper
Herbal
Ardavan hamidi; Sina Attarroshan; Ramezanali pourrostami; mohammadreza tabesh ardakani; siamak katebifar
Abstract
High increase in societies’ needs to wood and its products followed by decrease in forests lands leads to give special importance to forest plantation. The study aims to consider the impact of pure and mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and Ziziphus on above-ground growth features and soil properties ...
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High increase in societies’ needs to wood and its products followed by decrease in forests lands leads to give special importance to forest plantation. The study aims to consider the impact of pure and mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and Ziziphus on above-ground growth features and soil properties in Laleh Park in Dezful . A complete randomly design was conducted with two treatments of pure plantation of Eucalyptus cameldulensis, and mixed plantation of Eucalyptus and Ziziphus with three repetitions. In total, 42 sample plots were determined. The quantity characteristics were diameter at breast height , diameter of collar , height of tree , crown coverage, slender coefficient , Form quotient, volume, leaf dry mass , leaf area index , total growth ring width , and wood density. To determine the chemical and physical properties of soil, three soil samples from each plot at the depth of 0 to 30 cm were collected and a mixed sample was transformed to the laboratory for the further works. The results showed that DBH, DC, H, V, TWR of Eucalyptus cameldulensis in pure plantation was significantly higher than those of mixed plantation. According to the analysis of main components and growth features of Eucalyptus cameldulensis, two groups were separated across first and second axes as each of them indicated high adaptation with place of sampling (mixed or pure mass). The measuring soil properties between two plantations showed that potassium, nitrogen, phosphor, organic carbon, and saturation moisture content were significantly more than that in pure plantation.
Research Paper
Herbal
Shahla Hosseini; Naser Abdi; Kwestan Mawlood Ahmed; sajjadd atashi
Abstract
In this research, the presence of effective compounds and antibacterial properties of extracts of three species from the Apiaceae family (Zeravschania membranacea, Zeravschania aucheri, and Anthriscus nemorosa) in the protected area of Kosalan in Kurdistan province has been investigated.In this study ...
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In this research, the presence of effective compounds and antibacterial properties of extracts of three species from the Apiaceae family (Zeravschania membranacea, Zeravschania aucheri, and Anthriscus nemorosa) in the protected area of Kosalan in Kurdistan province has been investigated.In this study methanolic extract of the plant was prepared in different concentrations. Qualitative assessment for secondary metabolites was performed using several pharmacognosy tests from the literature. Evaluation of the antimicrobial property of the studied plants was done by disk diffusion and dilution methods. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) of extracts were determined on Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using dilution method. Based on qualitative test results, the presence of the highest number of secondary metabolites in Zeravschania aucheri, including tannin, saponin, phenol, glycoside, flavonoid, and phlobatannin. Although the presence of phenol and flavonoid was confirmed in all species, the alkaloid test was positive only in Zeravschania membranacea. The results of the antimicrobial tests showed that the most zone of growth inhibition of bacteria was related to the Zeravschania membranacea extract at a concentration of 400 mg on the Staphylococcus aureus strain (12 mm) and the Zeravschania aucheri extract did not cause sensitivity to the proliferation of all three studied strains at different concentrations. Presence of alkaloid compounds in Zeravschania membranacea could be a reasons for inhibiting the proliferation and growth of bacteria. Also, Zeravschania membranacea extract showed the lowest levels of MIC= 12.5 and MBC= 25 on Staphylococcus strain.
Research Paper
Herbal
Tooba Abedi; Roya Abedi; Hadi Modaberi
Abstract
Forests are regarded as an economically viable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. Carbon sequestration in forests is accomplished through surface and underground biomass as well as soil, which are interconnected and important sources of carbon storage. using direct ...
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Forests are regarded as an economically viable solution to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and mitigate climate change. Carbon sequestration in forests is accomplished through surface and underground biomass as well as soil, which are interconnected and important sources of carbon storage. using direct calculations based on stem analysis and plant biomass. Four poplar plantations were selected, and a one-hectare plot was sampled in each plantation. DBH and the total height of all trees were measured in each plot, and two poplar trees were randomly selected and cut for analysis. Stem analysis, wood biomass determination, and carbon measurement were conducted. In each plot, soil profiles were dug, and samples were taken to measure the physicochemical properties. The results showed that Shaft had the highest density (N/ha) (326), followed by Siahkal (216), Langrud (129), and Talesh (190), respectively. Stand tree stem carbon content (tons per hectare) was the highest in Talesh with 52 tons per hectare, followed by Shaft (38.7), Siahkal (28.3), and Langrood (24.16). Allometric equations were established based on the highest correlation coefficient (r2) and the lowest standard error value (SE) between age as the independent variable and carbon as the dependent variable. Calculation of carbon sequestration in plantation stand stock and soil can provide insights into species function and their responses. Furthermore, comparing carbon sequestration in different sites can aid in the restoration of degraded lands and the conversion of such lands into high-yield plantations, which can be an effective measure in managing carbon sequestration using fast-growing species.
Research Paper
Herbal
Reyhaneh Saeidi; Golnaz Tajadod; Sayeh Jafari Marandi; Maryam Peyvandi
Abstract
Introduction: Ajowan, belonging to Apiaceae, is one of the most medicinal plants in Iran and is naturally distributed in Ethiopia, Egypt, and India. Despite the homogeneity of flower characteristics in the family, nevertheless, a high diversity of flower morphology can be seen in this genus. Given the ...
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Introduction: Ajowan, belonging to Apiaceae, is one of the most medicinal plants in Iran and is naturally distributed in Ethiopia, Egypt, and India. Despite the homogeneity of flower characteristics in the family, nevertheless, a high diversity of flower morphology can be seen in this genus. Given the pharmacological importance of Ajowan, the developmental stages of its male and female organs were examined. Material and methods: Flower buds in different developmental stages were harvested, fixed in FAA, and maintained in 70% Ethanol. After performing various steps, including clarification and embedding in paraffin, microtomy sections were made. The Hematoxylin-eosin was used to stain the slices. Result and discussion: Based on the results, the initiation pattern of floral organ development is acropetal, in which the sepals initiate first, followed by petals, and finally, stamens. Initiation of gynoecium occurs with delay to the stamen. Isostemonous stamens, secretory tapetum layer, tetrahedral microspore tetrad, spindle shape microspores, mature pollen with two-celled and three germinal furrows. Asynchrony of microspore development was observed in the anthers of the same plant flowers and the pollen sacs of the same anther. Also, the development of male and female gametophytes was not synchronized in the same flower. Inferior ovary, anatropous ovules, the linear type of megaspore tetrad, polygonum type of functional megaspore formation and embryo sac development are other characteristics of this plant.
Research Paper
Herbal
Maryam Ghannadnia; Behvar Asghari
Abstract
Introduction: Savory, a medicinal and aromatic plant from the mint family (Lamiaceae), has economic importance and is used in various industries such as food and cosmetics. Low doses of gamma radiation can have beneficial effects on the germination process and biochemical composition of plants, especially ...
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Introduction: Savory, a medicinal and aromatic plant from the mint family (Lamiaceae), has economic importance and is used in various industries such as food and cosmetics. Low doses of gamma radiation can have beneficial effects on the germination process and biochemical composition of plants, especially the medicinal types. Methods: In this study, irradiation of Satureja hortensis seeds with different doses of gamma ray (0, 15, 30, 60 and 90 Gray) was performed at the Nuclear Agriculture Research School, Karaj, Iran. Afterwards, some seed germination factors, morphological and biochemical characteristics of the plants were studied. Phytochemical content of the extracts such as total phenol and flavonoid were investigated using Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum Chloride colorimetric methods, respectively. Results and discussion: The results showed that the highest germination percentage and the lowest seed vigour index were obtained in 90 Gray treatment. By increasing the radiation dose up to 30 Gray, the amount of total phenol and flavonoid compounds (antioxidant molecules) as well as inhibitory property of DPPH free radicals raised, but the further enhancement of radiation dose, up to 90 Gray had a negative effect on the values of the mentioned factors. According to the obtained results, irradiation with a dose of 30 Gray on savory seeds can be suggested, due to obtain a useful crop for health, with maximum valuable metabolites, like phenols and flavonoids.
Research Paper
animal
Farrin Babaei-Balderlou; Homayoun Khazali
Abstract
Introduction: It is well established that ghrelinerghic system has an inhibitory effect on reproductive activity. RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is one of the most important neuropeptides that regulates the mammalian reproduction. Studies have indicated the presence of the ghrelin receptor, called ...
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Introduction: It is well established that ghrelinerghic system has an inhibitory effect on reproductive activity. RFamide-related peptide-3 (RFRP-3) is one of the most important neuropeptides that regulates the mammalian reproduction. Studies have indicated the presence of the ghrelin receptor, called the growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHS-R1a), in the RFRP-3 containing areas in the brain. Thus, it may be possible that ghrelinergic system involves in the control of reproduction through the RFRP-3. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible role of the GHS-R1a receptors in the regulation of RFRP-3 and its receptor GPR147 mRNA expression in the hypothalamus of male rats. Methods: 40 male Wistar rats in were divided in 8 groups (n=5) and each group received saline, 2,-4 or-8nmol ghrelin, 5,-10 or-20nmol D-Lys3-GHRP-6 (DLS), or concomitantly of ghrelin (4nmol) and DLS (10nmol) via the stereotaxically implanted cannula. Hypothalamus of rats was dissected 2h after treatment for evaluation of RFRP-3 and GPR147 mRNA levels. Results: Our findings indicated that 4nmol (P<0.05) or 8nmol (P<0.01) ghrelin injection significantly increased the RFRP-3 mRNA expression compare to saline group. While, the injection of 20nmol DLS significantly (P<0.05) decreased the RFRP-3-mRNA level when compared to saline group. Pretreatment of ghrelin-received animals with DLS prevented the increasing effects of ghrelin on RFRP-3 gene expression. Ghrelin or DLS had no significant effects on hypothalamic GPR147-mRNA levels. Conclusion: The acute activation of GHS-R1a by gherlin has a stimulatory role in hypothalamic RFRP-3 gene expression without any significant effects on GPR147-mRNA level in an acute treatment.
