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Development of male and female reproductive organs in Trachyspermum ammi (L.) Sprague (Apiaceae)

Document Type : Research Paper

Authors

1 PHD student.Biology Department, College of Bioscience, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran

2 Assistant Professor.Biology Department, College of Bioscience, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran

3 Associate Professor.Biology Department, College of Bioscience, Islamic Azad University, Tehran North Branch, Tehran, Iran

10.22051/jab.2023.45031.1590

Abstract

Introduction: Ajowan, belonging to Apiaceae, is one of the most medicinal plants in Iran and is naturally distributed in Ethiopia, Egypt, and India. Despite the homogeneity of flower characteristics in the family, nevertheless, a high diversity of flower morphology can be seen in this genus. Given the pharmacological importance of Ajowan, the developmental stages of its male and female organs were examined.
Material and methods: Flower buds in different developmental stages were harvested, fixed in FAA, and maintained in 70% Ethanol. After performing various steps, including clarification and embedding in paraffin, microtomy sections were made. The Hematoxylin-eosin was used to stain the slices.
Result and discussion: Based on the results, the initiation pattern of floral organ development is acropetal, in which the sepals initiate first, followed by petals, and finally, stamens. Initiation of gynoecium occurs with delay to the stamen. Isostemonous stamens, secretory tapetum layer, tetrahedral microspore tetrad, spindle shape microspores, mature pollen with two-celled and three germinal furrows. Asynchrony of microspore development was observed in the anthers of the same plant flowers and the pollen sacs of the same anther. Also, the development of male and female gametophytes was not synchronized in the same flower. Inferior ovary, anatropous ovules, the linear type of megaspore tetrad, polygonum type of functional megaspore formation and embryo sac development are other characteristics of this plant.

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References
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Applied Biology
Volume 36, Issue 4 - Serial Number 78
March 2024
Pages 90-101
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