Research Paper
Biotechnology
Parisa Tajer Mohammad Ghazvini; Zahra Shiri-Yekta; shaghayegh nasr; Narges Eslami; ,Mansoure Hosseini
Abstract
Introduction: Uranium, as one of the heavy metals, is a natural radionuclide that has harmful effects on human health and the environment due to its serious toxicity and radiation properties. Biosorption is a simple and cost-effective technique that can be used for remove of heavy metals and Radionuclides ...
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Introduction: Uranium, as one of the heavy metals, is a natural radionuclide that has harmful effects on human health and the environment due to its serious toxicity and radiation properties. Biosorption is a simple and cost-effective technique that can be used for remove of heavy metals and Radionuclides from waste waters. Material and methods: In this study, Micrococcus luteus biomass pretreated with autoclave heat was used. Then, physicochemical factor affecting the biosorption including biosorbent dose, initial uranium concentration, temperature and pH were investigated by Response Surface Methodology. Results: The results showed that the factor of initial uranium concentration, sorbent dose and pH statistically (p-value‹ 0.05) affect the uranium biosorption process. In contrast, temperature factor (p-value› 0.05) statistically have no effect on uranium removal by M. luteus. Discussion and conclusion: The results indicated that the pre-treated biomass under the conditions suggested by Design Expert software (19.75 g/liter of biomass, temperature 32.14 OC and pH 3.33) is able to remove approximately 99.98 percent of uranium from the contaminated area is 26.11 mg/liter of uranium, which shows its valuable potential in bioremediation applications of uranium from acidic wastewaters contaminated with low concentrations of uranium.
Research Paper
Microbiology
shaghayegh chakhmaghi; moj khaleghi; Hojatollah Khabazzadeh
Abstract
Introduction: Antibiotic resistance has been a known fact since the discovery of antibiotics, but in recent years, with the increase of resistant species and the decrease of effective and available antibiotics, it has become a worrying issue. Therefore, discovering or synthesizing new antibacterial agents ...
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Introduction: Antibiotic resistance has been a known fact since the discovery of antibiotics, but in recent years, with the increase of resistant species and the decrease of effective and available antibiotics, it has become a worrying issue. Therefore, discovering or synthesizing new antibacterial agents plays a key role in solving the antibiotic resistance crisis. This study aimed to synthesize new derivatives of ciprofloxacin antibiotics to be more effective on ciprofloxacin-resistant bacteria. Method: A new series of thiourea and thiocarbamate derivatives of ciprofloxacin were synthesized and then the antibiogram test was performed by disk diffusion method on standard bacteria and clinically resistant bacteria. Also, the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of synthetic compounds were determined. Results and discussion: The results showed that all compounds S1-6 had antibacterial activity, and compound S4 was the most effective compound with an inhibition zone of 38 mm on P. aeruginosa ATCC 27853. The minimum inhibitory concentration of ciprofloxacin on E. coli ATCC 25922 is 50 μg/ml, while all the synthesized compounds have a minimum inhibitory concentration of less than 50 μg/ml, which indicates the high antibacterial activity of the synthetic compounds. In general, based on the obtained results, by adding different substituents and functional groups to ciprofloxacin, it is possible to synthesize new derivatives that are effective on resistant bacteria.
Research Paper
Herbal
Masoud Haidarizadeh; Fatemeh Alijani; Morahem Ashengroph; sajjadd atashi
Abstract
Introduction: Identifying and introducing new natural antimicrobial compounds against pathogenic agents is of concern to researchers. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the chemical compounds, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of black and green tea. Methods: Aqueous and methanolic ...
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Introduction: Identifying and introducing new natural antimicrobial compounds against pathogenic agents is of concern to researchers. The present study was conducted with the aim of comparing the chemical compounds, antimicrobial and antioxidant effects of black and green tea. Methods: Aqueous and methanolic extracts of black and green tea leaves were prepared and the compounds of the methanolic extracts were identified by GC-Mass, antibacterial effects were measured by the disk diffusion method, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) the antioxidant property by the DPPH method. Results and discussion: Caffeine is the main component of green and black tea extracts, and its amount is 82.97% and 86.25% in these extracts, respectively. The minimum inhibitory concentration of green tea extract against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas syringae is significantly three times higher than that of black tea extract. The inhibitory capacity of green tea extract against Xanthomonas campestris and the inhibitory capacity of black tea extract against Pseudomonas syringae is significantly higher than the other bacteria. Many of the effects related to green and black tea can be considered related to the relatively high capacity of inhibiting free radicals. The results of this research showed that the free radical and antioxidant capacity of green tea is significantly one and a half times higher than black tea. The inhibitory ability of the extract against plant pathogens is relatively and significantly higher than human pathogens. Different products and perhaps the waste of black tea and green tea can be used to control harmful microorganisms.
Research Paper
animal
Raziye Rashidi Ilzoleh; Vahid Akmali
Abstract
Introduction: In many insect species, cannibalism has been reported as a natural behavior, and in this behavior, complete insects and larvae feed on eggs and pupae in the absence of food. Materials and methods: In the present study, seven diet groups, each of which contains a mixture of wheat bran with ...
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Introduction: In many insect species, cannibalism has been reported as a natural behavior, and in this behavior, complete insects and larvae feed on eggs and pupae in the absence of food. Materials and methods: In the present study, seven diet groups, each of which contains a mixture of wheat bran with barley, corn, and beetle, were provided as beetle breeding environments. The effect of the above diets groups in the presence of carrot (saturation period) and the absence of fruit (hungry period) on the selective cannibalism behavior of whole insects and larvae from eggs and yellow flour beetle was investigated. Results and discussion: The results of the selective behavior analysis of beetle showed that they prefer eggs first and then pupae, which is probably due to their searching behavior in the bed of the breeding environment containing eggs, as well as the eggs' inability to avoid hunting. In the selective behavior of the larvae, it was observed that they attack the pupae first rather than the complete insects, which is probably due to the inability of the pupae to avoid prey and also having a soft and moist body. Also, the results of this research showed that the nutrition factor and diet quality have a significant effect on cannibalism. In the study of the effect of periods of starvation (12, 24, 36, 48) on the rate of cannibalism of the whole insect, it was observed that insects with more than 12 hours of starvation show the highest rate of cannibalism.
Research Paper
Herbal
Behrooz Salehi-Eskandari; Zohre Nasirian Jazi; Jalil Abbaspour
Abstract
Introduction: Freezing is one of the abiotic stresses that has harmful effects on plant growth and productivity. This study was performed to investigate some physiological and biochemical responses of two ornamental and cold-resistant plants, including the viola (Viola × wittrockiana) and snapdragon ...
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Introduction: Freezing is one of the abiotic stresses that has harmful effects on plant growth and productivity. This study was performed to investigate some physiological and biochemical responses of two ornamental and cold-resistant plants, including the viola (Viola × wittrockiana) and snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) under freezing stress. Materials and methods: To apply different temperature treatments on 70-day-old plants, the minimum temperature in January was used in three different places, including the greenhouse, the city of Isfahan and Fereydunshahr (temperatures of 20, 3- and -11 ° C, respectively) for 15 days. Results: Changes in the chlorophyll a/b ratio were differences in the two plants with increasing freezing stress, but shoot length gradually decreased and at the lowest temperature in viola and snapdragon plants were 63 and 50% of their controls (20 °C), respectively. The content of phenolic compounds, soluble carbohydrates and hydrogen peroxide also increased. In addition, a significant increase in catalase activity was observed in both plants under freezing temperatures, while the increase in ascorbate peroxidase activity was significant only in snapdragon at -11 °C. However, no significant change in the activity of guaiacol peroxidase was found in two plants under freezing temperatures. Discussion: Therefore, it seems that snapdragon and violet plants can withstand freezing stress by using osmotic regulation mechanisms as well as different abilities of antioxidant enzymes, which indicate different resistance strategies depending on their genotype.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
Mohsen Fackori; Mohammad taghi Khorassani; Mehdi Kamali Dolatabadi
Abstract
Introduction: Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used as the material of choice in joint replacement prosthesis for the last three decades due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, UHMWPE’s wear and oxidation in the long term leads to osteolysis and ...
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Introduction: Ultra high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) has been used as the material of choice in joint replacement prosthesis for the last three decades due to its excellent physical and chemical properties. However, UHMWPE’s wear and oxidation in the long term leads to osteolysis and limits the lifespan of this polymer. One of the effective methods to prevent oxidation is presents of α-tocopherol in UHMWPE matrix. But the presence of this additive alone does not improve the mechanical performance of UHMWPE. On the other hand, the use of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) has been shown to improve mechanical properties due to their exceptional properties such as elastic modulus and high surface-to-volume ratio. However, finding the optimal concentration of MWCNTs and vitamin E to improve the mechanical properties of this polymer is very vital and important. methods: In this research, to investigate and compare the effects of carbon nanotubes on the properties of UHMWPE/vitamin E composite, two composites were produced, one containing 0.2% by weight of vitamin E and the other containing 0.25% by weight of vitamin E along with 0.5% by weight of MWCNT. Results and Conclusion: Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) reported an increase in the characteristic peaks of PE-E/CNT composite compared to PE-E composite. Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) reported about 7% increase in crystallinity in PE-E/CNT composite. Dynamic thermos mechanical analysis (DMTA) also showed improved elastic properties in the PE-E/CNT composite compared to the composite containing vitamin E. Finally,
Research Paper
Herbal
mehdi Kakaei; fatemeh hajmoradi; Mohsen Mansouri; mohama ali ebrahimi
Abstract
Background and purpose: Basil is annual herb it belongs to the mint family and it has 30 species; therefore, in this research, optimization of tissue culture conditions of purple basil plant for callus production, identification of callus induction percentage, growth rate, growth speed and relative water ...
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Background and purpose: Basil is annual herb it belongs to the mint family and it has 30 species; therefore, in this research, optimization of tissue culture conditions of purple basil plant for callus production, identification of callus induction percentage, growth rate, growth speed and relative water content of callus was done through tissue culture. Materials and Methods: The callus induction optimization experiment was carried out as a factorial in the form of a completely randomized design with 4 factors, micro samples and three levels of BA, IAA and IBA hormones. Findings: The results showed that the highest percentage of callus induction (88%) was related to the culture medium containing 2 mg/L IBA and 2 mg/L BA. The effect of hormonal compounds on the four investigated characteristics of callus generation percentage, growth speed, relative water content and growth rate (dry weight) has had a significant effect, which can be used to select the best combination in callus formation and tissue culture optimization, and finally the future goals of the breed. Also, the interaction effect of two explant factors and hormonal compounds only had a very significant effect (P≤1%) on the growth rate index. Conclusion: The quality of the induced calluses indicates the correct selection of explants and suitable hormonal compounds. Therefore, there is a direct relationship between callus production and growth regulators, and also according to the type of plant studied and the amount of hormone present in it, the amount of growth regulators used in callus induction will be different.
Research Paper
biochemistry
Zohreh Noruzi Motlagh; Mahmood Akhavan Mahdavi; Reza Gheshlaghi
Abstract
Nile red is a fluorescent dye that is used to determine the amount of intracellular lipids. This method can detect very low amounts of intracellular lipid with high accuracy. But the intensity of Nile red fluorescence changes with time, and this problem makes it difficult to use it for a set of analyzes ...
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Nile red is a fluorescent dye that is used to determine the amount of intracellular lipids. This method can detect very low amounts of intracellular lipid with high accuracy. But the intensity of Nile red fluorescence changes with time, and this problem makes it difficult to use it for a set of analyzes that are performed in a time interval. Considering that it is not possible to use fresh Nile red solution for all analyses. So, methods should be used to maintain the fluorescence intensity of Nile red solution so that this reagent can be used reliably for lipid analysis. In this study, the fluorescence intensity of Nile red solution has been investigated according to the two factors of time and the number of times of melting and freezing. The results showed that the fluorescence intensity of Nile red solution decreases due to freezing. But if the frozen solution remains frozen until use and is only melted during use, it can be stored for a long time and the decrease in fluorescence intensity will be less than 10%. But if it is repeatedly thawed and frozen (4 times or more), the fluorescence intensity decreases to about 80%, which is no longer suitable for analysis. If the frozen reagent (once frozen) is used, for 0 to 4 μg/ml of lipid concentration (olive oil) from , 0.05 μg/ml of Nile red concentration is suitable, and the lipid is correctly identified and its concentration is determined.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
Taibeh Hadi Turan back; Fakhri Sadat Hosseini; fatemeh safakhah
Abstract
Introduction: Microalgae are organisms with diverse and valuable metabolites, and two microalgae, spirulina and chlorella, have received much attention due to their high protein content.Method: In this study, after the cultivation of spirulina and chlorella microalgae, they were extracted and their protein ...
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Introduction: Microalgae are organisms with diverse and valuable metabolites, and two microalgae, spirulina and chlorella, have received much attention due to their high protein content.Method: In this study, after the cultivation of spirulina and chlorella microalgae, they were extracted and their protein was extracted by sonicator and subjected to enzymatic hydrolysis with two enzymes, alkaline protease and pepsin, and using the test DPPH and their antioxidant properties were measured. Also, antiproliferative property with two cancer cell lines MCF-7 and Caco-2 and antimicrobial property with two bacteria Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, proteins of spirulina and chlorella microalgae were measured before and after enzymatic hydrolysis.Result: The survival rate of MCF-7 cancer cells after 48-hour treatment with a concentration of 200 µg/ml hydrolyzed protein of S.platensis and C.vulgaris was 21.60% and 37.65%, respectively, and this amount has decreased for Caco-2 cancer cells by 23.63% and 26.48%, respectively.. Also, the results showed that protein hydrolysis had a positive effect on improving antioxidant, antiproliferative and antimicrobial properties
Research Paper
animal
Fariba Mahmoudi; soheila alypoor; arash abdolmaleki; khadijeh haghighat
Abstract
Introduction: Improvement of peripheral nerve damage is one of the most important challenges clinically. Using new methods such as nano drugs and natural compounds can be a suitable option due to their effective effects and less side effects. In this study, the synergistic effects of eugenol and cerium ...
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Introduction: Improvement of peripheral nerve damage is one of the most important challenges clinically. Using new methods such as nano drugs and natural compounds can be a suitable option due to their effective effects and less side effects. In this study, the synergistic effects of eugenol and cerium oxide nanoparticles was investigated on sciatic nerve recovery in a rat model. Method and material: In this study, twenty-eight male rats weighing 250-300 g were divided into four groups (n=7). The control group and sciatica model injected saline (0.5ml, IP). Two groups model sciatic received intraperitoneally (50 mg/kg eugenol and 20 mg/kg cerium oxide nanoparticles) or (100 mg/kg eugenol and 20 mg/kg cerium oxide nanoparticles). Then sensory and motor behavioral tests performed. The muscle tissue removed. Finally, changes in muscle weight investigated. Results: Intraperitoneal injection of eugenol plus cerium oxide nanoparticles increased the recovery speed of sensory and motor neurons compared to the sciatica model group. Also, in the group receiving eugenol plus cerium oxide the amount of muscle atrophy was lower. The improvement of nerve tissue was significant in the high-dose group. Conclusion: The results showed that eugenol/cerium oxide accelerates the regeneration of nerve tissue. Therefore, its neuroprotective potential can be used to treat diseases related to peripheral nerve damage.
