Research Paper
Najme Sadat Azari; Monir Hosseinzadeh Namin; Mehrzad Roughani
Abstract
Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a member of Iridaceae family and beside its usefulness nutrition, it is considered to be a valuable plant in phytomedicine. This plant propagates bycorms. To evaluate the effect of corms aqueous extract on the human immune system, theaqueous extract was given to volunteer ...
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Saffron (Crocus sativus L.) is a member of Iridaceae family and beside its usefulness nutrition, it is considered to be a valuable plant in phytomedicine. This plant propagates bycorms. To evaluate the effect of corms aqueous extract on the human immune system, theaqueous extract was given to volunteer candidates as a soft drink. Blood samples were taken from candidates before and after administration. The candidates were divided into threegroups on the basis of drinks received between intervals of two blood samples e.g none(control), water alone and aqueous extract.. The analysis of IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 amounts inserum was performed by using appropriate SRID kit. The results showed that the amountsof C4, C3, IgG and IgM of control and water consumption groups slightly increased but thethird group who used corms aqueous extract showed that the concentration of C4, C3, IgGincreased while IgM decreased. This primary evaluation study revealed that the aqueousextract of corms stimulates human’s innate and humoral immune system.
Research Paper
Massoumeh Anvari; Hossein Pourkazem
Abstract
Azo dyes are released into wastewater streams without any pretreatment environments. To prevent contamination of our vulnerable resources, removal of these dye pollutants is of great importance. Traditional methods of treatment are found to be expensive and have operational problems. Biological decolourization ...
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Azo dyes are released into wastewater streams without any pretreatment environments. To prevent contamination of our vulnerable resources, removal of these dye pollutants is of great importance. Traditional methods of treatment are found to be expensive and have operational problems. Biological decolourization has been investigated as a method to degrade azo dyes . For this purpose, wastewater samples were collected from dye-contaminated sites to isolate Congo red decolourizing bacteria. one strains were obtained with potential for Congo red decolourization. On primary screening, an aerobic gram positive bacillus was found to have maximum observable Congo red decolourization activity. Different parameters such as various carbon source, nitrogen source, inoculum size, temperature and pH were optimized for decolourization of Congo red by using bacterial isolates. pH, nitrogen source and inoculum size were found to be most effective in dye decolorization. Enhanced decolourization was observed in presence of xylose as a carbon source and yeast extract as a nitrogen source.The optimum of inoculum size was found to be 5%. The optimum pH obtained for decolourization of Congo red by bacteria strains was 5.0. The optimum temperature was found to be 250C. under optimal conditions maximum decolourization percentage was about 100%. High decolorization extent and facile conditions show the potential for this bacterial strain to be used in the biological treatment of dyeing effluents. The results reported here warrant further investigation to establish the usefulness of these isolates for biodegradation application such as waste water treatment.
Research Paper
Ahmad Imani; Kourosh Sarvi; Sairan Khani
Abstract
Present study was to elucidate the histological damage of copper nanoparticles on gills of rainbow trout before and after a recovery period. To that end, total 135 fingerlings with an average body weight of 30 g were randomly allocated into nine polyethylene tanks (with 90 l volume). Fingerlings were ...
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Present study was to elucidate the histological damage of copper nanoparticles on gills of rainbow trout before and after a recovery period. To that end, total 135 fingerlings with an average body weight of 30 g were randomly allocated into nine polyethylene tanks (with 90 l volume). Fingerlings were exposed to three concentrations of copper nanoparticles, namely, 0, 25 and 50 ppb for 21 days. The recovery period was also lasted for another 21 days post nanoparticle exposure with no longer nanoparticle addition to culture media to assess the capacity of fish to recover the gill histoarchitecture. The gill samples were taken at the end of each period and stained with H&E method. Results from the first stage indicated that 25 and 50 25 μg/l Cu-NPs resulted in filament shrinkage and epithelial hyperplasia. Also, telangiectasis and blood congestion on tips of gill filaments of 25 μg/l Cu-NPs exposed group were observed. Severe blood congestion and increased inter-lamellar space along with moderate local epithelial degeneration of secondary lamellas were noticeable in 50 μg/l Cu-NPs exposed fish. Tissue damage was observable even after a 21-day recovery period. However, the severity of pathological alterations was lower. In conclusion, it is conceivable that copper nanoparticles can cause noticeable damage to gills which in some cases could be noticed even after post exposure recovery period.
Research Paper
Adel Javadi; Ezatallah Esfandiari; Alireza Pourmohammad
Abstract
In order to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid and folic acid on germination parametersunder drought and salinity stress, two separate experiments was carried out in completelyrandomized factorial design with Azar2 Wheat cultivar. In this experiment, wheat seedswere pretreated for 16 hours with concentration ...
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In order to evaluate the effect of ascorbic acid and folic acid on germination parametersunder drought and salinity stress, two separate experiments was carried out in completelyrandomized factorial design with Azar2 Wheat cultivar. In this experiment, wheat seedswere pretreated for 16 hours with concentration of zero (control), 0.5 and 1 mM of ascorbic acid and 25 and 50 μM folic acid. Seeds were then dried at room temperature until theinitial weight. To apply drought and salinity stress the solution of polyethylene glycol 6000at 0 (control), -6 and -12 bar and sodium chloride at zero, 75 and 150 mM concentrationwere used, , respectively. Subsequently, petri dishes containing wheat seeds were kept attemperature of 24±1°C, 70% relative humidity and darkness condition for 8 days. After thementioned time, germination percentage, germination rate, root and shoot length andseedling dry weight were measured. The results showed that seed treatment with vitamins, even in favorable conditions, with reduction of the loss of seed reserves, can helpmore allocation of seed reserves at formation of seedling structure, and cause to generateof stronger seedlings. Under drought and salinity stress conditions, seed treatment withascorbic and folic acid, by creating appropriate conditions, can prevent damages caused bygenerate reactive oxygen species or prevent from their production, which the result of its,is the absent expression of oxidative stress on in seed germination. These factors result inincreasing growth respiration rate and formation of stronger seedlings. Therefore, increasing the amount of mentioned vitamins in seeds can improve the metabolic function, especially in difficult environmental situations and contribute in better seedling establishment.
Research Paper
Fateme Jafarari; Zohreh Ramezan pouur; Masoud Sattari
Abstract
Phytoplankton community structure in coastal areas is a result of various environmental factors such as nutrients, light, grazing, temperature, and salinity. The Caspian Sea is located in temperate region and strongly influenced by water discharge into it. Six stations were selected to study anthropogenic ...
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Phytoplankton community structure in coastal areas is a result of various environmental factors such as nutrients, light, grazing, temperature, and salinity. The Caspian Sea is located in temperate region and strongly influenced by water discharge into it. Six stations were selected to study anthropogenic effects on the phytoplankton community structure along the southwestern Caspian Sea coasts from Chaboksar through Talesh. Sampling was performed monthly in summer and autumn. Phytoplankton samples were taken quantitatively and qualitatively in each station. Concentrations of nitrate, phosphate and silicate were measured in the laboratory using spectrophotometer the average concentration of nitrate, phosphate and silicate were 0.57±0.38, 0.11±0.03 and 0.87±0.30 mg/l respectively. The concentration of nitrate and phosphate showed no significant difference among the stations, while silicate showed significant differences. Diatoms were the dominant group both in species composition and abundance followed by Cyanophytes, Dianoflagellates, Chlorophytes, Euglenoids and Chrysophytes respectively. Phytoplankton density was calculated 231± 103cell/ml during the study. The average Shannon index was 2.00±0.77 and revealed significant difference between stations. The average phytoplankton density was 245±39 cell/ml in stations, but no significant differences were found between stations. Variations in chemical and biological (diversity and density) variables were almost different between stations and could be influenced by coastal communities.
Research Paper
Shghaiegh Hasanpour; Soheil Eagderi; Manouchehr Nasri
Abstract
The morphological comparison of five populations of Mosul bleak (Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843) was done using Elliptic Fourier analysis. For this porpose a total of 219specimens were caught from Tigris basin (Gamasiab, Karoon, Kashkan, Khersan and Sepidbarg Rivers) using electrofishing. The fish ...
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The morphological comparison of five populations of Mosul bleak (Alburnus mossulensis Heckel, 1843) was done using Elliptic Fourier analysis. For this porpose a total of 219specimens were caught from Tigris basin (Gamasiab, Karoon, Kashkan, Khersan and Sepidbarg Rivers) using electrofishing. The fish were photographed from left sides using a digitalcamera and the outline curve was digitized using TpsDig2 software and resampled to 150equal distanced landmarks. The outline curveswere converted to a readable file format forEPA analysis using EFAWIN software and EFA analysis was done opting 17 shape harmonicswith 2 constants and four coefficients per harmonic and non-shapeddata were removedusin general Procrustes analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA) and Manova/CVAwere used for morphological comparison in PAST software. The results showed significantshape differences between populations but Sepidbarg population (pand Sepidbarg populations were distinguishable having a fusiform shapedbody and theother three other populationswere distinguishable based on a shorter caudal peduncles.The present study proved the potential of the geometric morphometrics (outline curves)for recognizing various populations of the Mosul bleak.
Research Paper
Aida Hamidkhani; Parisa Mohammadi; Ezzat Asgarani; Maryam Yoseffi
Abstract
Candida species are the most common cause of fungal infections. Early identification of Candida species is necessary for effective antifungal therapy and can also facilitate control of hospital infections. Identification of Candida species by conventional methods is time-consuming with low sensitivity, ...
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Candida species are the most common cause of fungal infections. Early identification of Candida species is necessary for effective antifungal therapy and can also facilitate control of hospital infections. Identification of Candida species by conventional methods is time-consuming with low sensitivity, but molecular approaches have provided an alternative way for their early diagnosis. Considering different molecular approaches limitation for diagnosis of Candida species, in this study PCR-DGGE was evaluated for detection of five different pathogenic Candida species including C.glabrata, C.tropicalis, C.albicans, C.orthopsilosis and C.parapsilosis. ITS2 region was amplified using ITS3-GC and ITS4 primer set and the amplified fragments were used in DGGE. The results showed that DGGE is capable of detection of Candida species being analyzed.
Research Paper
Shamila Alipoor Astaneh; Zarrin Minuchehr; Armin Madadkar-Sobhani; Mehran Miroliaei
Abstract
A progressive computational analysis of available sequence and crystal structure data was used to identify functionally and structurally important residues in medium-chain Alcohol dehydrogenases super family throughout evolution. Altman and Gretsine core finding method was used to identify a core set ...
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A progressive computational analysis of available sequence and crystal structure data was used to identify functionally and structurally important residues in medium-chain Alcohol dehydrogenases super family throughout evolution. Altman and Gretsine core finding method was used to identify a core set of atoms with low structural variability. With further analysis of core regions in ADHs (solvent exposure and number of contacts) and also sequential analysis, we could infer the common properties of highly conserved positions in ADHs. The sequential analysis was done with respect to some special properties of amino acids in order to derive the level of conservation. The core structure analysis was re-judged in light of sequential analysis. Sixty percent of the core positions correspond to the highly conserved positions that were found by the sequence analysis.It seems that the core positions in ADHs are responsible for the maintenance of structural integrity and also contribute to the active site. Location of rigid parts of structures in catalytic domain may help to minimize the thermal fluctuation effect on substrate binding and would probably keep the structure in a good condition. Our data supports that it is possible to define patterns of conservity in some important region in sequence of Alcohol dehydrogenase and explain patterns of structural stability which are necessary for overcoming throughout evolution.
Research Paper
Ozra Rabbani Chadgani; Massoumeh Babai; Parstou Shahmir
Abstract
In the present study the effect of daunomycin and vinorelbine on chromatin proteins in alveolar macrophages was investigated and compared. Alveolar macrophages were prepared by lavage and incubated in the absence and presence of various concentrations of the drugs. The histone and non-histone proteins ...
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In the present study the effect of daunomycin and vinorelbine on chromatin proteins in alveolar macrophages was investigated and compared. Alveolar macrophages were prepared by lavage and incubated in the absence and presence of various concentrations of the drugs. The histone and non-histone proteins were then extracted and analyzed. The results showed that upon increasing drugs concentration viability of the cells was decreased thus at 80 g/ml, 73% and 50% viability was obtained for daunomycin and vinorelbine respectively. Low concentrations of the drugs had no considerable effect on chromatin proteins content but at higher concentrations the amount of histone H1 was significantly decreased, whereas the content of core histones remained unchanged. The content of H1 subtype, H1o and HMG proteins were also decreased as drugs concentrations increased. Western blot analysis against histone and HMG proteins antisera also confirmed the results. Moreover, staining of the cells with ethidium bromide/acridine orange revealed higher toxicity of vinorelbine compared to daunomycin. From the results it is concluded that vinorelbine exhibits higher affinity to chromatin of alveolar macrophages than daunomycin. Binding of the drugs induce chromatin compaction possibly through histone-histone or histone-DNA cross links thus the proteins were not extractable with manual procedures.
Research Paper
Zahra Zakimola; Maneezheh Pakravan; Nasrin Farasat
Abstract
The genus Calendula L. belongs to Asteraceae family and Calenduleae tribe. The main centers of it are Mediterranean area, middle east and central Europe and then it distributed to other regions. Here we study some species of Calendula species palynologicaly. The pollen grains separated from herbarium ...
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The genus Calendula L. belongs to Asteraceae family and Calenduleae tribe. The main centers of it are Mediterranean area, middle east and central Europe and then it distributed to other regions. Here we study some species of Calendula species palynologicaly. The pollen grains separated from herbarium specimens and have investigated by light microscope and Scanning electron microscope (SEM). The pollen was trizonocolporate and tetra zonocolporate and based on P/E ratio in equatorial view the shapes were different. Also the sculpturing was echinate. The pollen characters were analyzed by using multi variate statistical analysis and the species relationships were evaluated by using cluster analysis and PCA diagram. Moreover the most variable characters by factor analysis were determined and use to separate species. Then we showed that some characters such as pollen shape, length of polar axis, length of colpus, distance between spines, pore diameter and diameter of spine base could useful for distinguishing the species.
Research Paper
Maryam Sisakhtnejad; Roghayeh Zolfaghari; Payam Fayyaz
Abstract
Drought is the one of the major environmental stresses that it has a negative effect on plant growth. The Zagros forests with Mediterranean climate are dry forests, So that, for this purpose, the effect of drought stress on growth and physiological traits and nutrient uptake in two species of Quercus ...
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Drought is the one of the major environmental stresses that it has a negative effect on plant growth. The Zagros forests with Mediterranean climate are dry forests, So that, for this purpose, the effect of drought stress on growth and physiological traits and nutrient uptake in two species of Quercus (Brantii and Libani) were investigated. ّFor doing this experiment, the treatment wase 4 levels includes of control and drought stress. The results showed that drought stress had negative effects on growth, morphological and physiological parameters of two oak species, so that most of parameters decreased but electrolyte leakage rate of organs were increased. Results of nutrient uptake also showed that K uptake rate of root and shoot was increased under drought stress. The results showed that stress tolerance index (STI) of Q. Brantii for all parameters except of fresh and dry weight of leaf were higher than Q. Libani. Overall, these results indicated that the Q. Brantii could show more resistant to drought stress than Q. Libani, which may be due to lower Na uptake rate of leaves and so Na/K ratio and number of leaf.
Research Paper
Farrokh Ghahremani nejad; Samane Eskandari
Abstract
In this survey, leaf epidermal preparations and transverse sections of leaf 17 species of genus Allium were studied using light microscope. Several features of leaf anatomy transverse section outline and epidermal preparations, prominent midrib or not, presence or absence sclerenchyma cells, mesophyll ...
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In this survey, leaf epidermal preparations and transverse sections of leaf 17 species of genus Allium were studied using light microscope. Several features of leaf anatomy transverse section outline and epidermal preparations, prominent midrib or not, presence or absence sclerenchyma cells, mesophyll features, vascular bundles characteristics, binding vascular bundles, cell shape, pore size, density stomatal, anticlinal walls, etc. are discussed here. Several anatomical characters in this study confirm the infrageneric classification of Allium. Regarding the anatomical features mentioned above, A.elburzens and A.ubipetrense, have different features than the other species in the section Acanthoprason. Allium convallarioides belongs to the section Codonoprasum which has similar features to species of Allium. and A.lamondiae has different features from other species of section Avulsea.
Research Paper
Mehdi Kakaei
Abstract
Different genetic plant materials, are valuable as potential reserves and the basis for plant breeding of specialists. The study of seed storage proteins, due to they have been less affected by environment and provide reliable information from genome genetic diversity of beans. In the present study, ...
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Different genetic plant materials, are valuable as potential reserves and the basis for plant breeding of specialists. The study of seed storage proteins, due to they have been less affected by environment and provide reliable information from genome genetic diversity of beans. In the present study, was conducted seed storage protein profiles of 12 phaseolus vulgaris genotypes based on laemmeli method using polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis systems (SDS-PAGE) in a 12.5 percent. Investigation the bands by use software NTSYS showed considerable differences. Minimum and maximum number of bands, was belong to genotype 11 (Shokofa) and genotype 12 (DF1083), respectively. Cophenetic coefficient was calculated to test the goodness of fit for cluster analysis with qualitative data that 0.89 is the appropriate fit is cluster analysis with qualitative data. Chart analysis of the main axes of the seed storage protein beans, cluster analysis, and compliance was approved five cluster. Thus according to genetic distances between the genotypes, we can use cross between Ks21193 and Shokofa for obtain the highest amount of heterosis in future breeding program. The highest and lowest amount of total protein, was associated with genotypes Dorsa and Shokofa, respectively.
Research Paper
Yasaman Mohamadi champiri; Mojdeh Chelemal dezfoulnejad; Mehrzad Mesbah
Abstract
Abstract In order to study T3 and T4 hormones followed by oral administration of three different doses of vitamin D (IU1000, IU3000 and IU 5000 kg live weight per day). 180 fry of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) weighing 25-20 g, were divided into four treatments and three replicates of 15 fish were randomly ...
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Abstract In order to study T3 and T4 hormones followed by oral administration of three different doses of vitamin D (IU1000, IU3000 and IU 5000 kg live weight per day). 180 fry of common carp (Cyprinus carpio) weighing 25-20 g, were divided into four treatments and three replicates of 15 fish were randomly selected in a test environment. 60 days fish were fed diets fortified with vitamin D. At day 30 and day 60, the fish samples were collected and serum obtained from the blood samples to the laboratory for examination and study of hormones, T3 and T4 were transferred to the ELISA test to measure the levels of these hormones. The results of this study indicated that thyroid hormones in common carp (Cyprinus carpio), almost under the influence of oral administration of vitamin D correcting and omitting the over words have been. T3 so that the amount of treatment (IU3000) and treatment (IU5000), 30 R showed a significant decrease compared to controls. However T3 rate at the end of a significant difference compared with control and other treatments did not continue to take vitamin D, increasing its level in the tree (IU3000 and IU5000) on day 60 of the study saw the highest level of treatment (IU5000 ) was. But T4 hormones in middle or at the end of the period, was not affected by vitamin D added to the feed. Keywords: Thyroid hormones (T3 and 4T), common carp (Cyprinus carpio), vitamin D3
Research Paper
Mahboubeh Zarrabi; Elmira Naghdi
Abstract
Abstract Cyclotides are small disulfide rich peptides isolated from plants. Cyclotides have a range of biological activities including anti-HIV, insecticidal, anti-tumor and anti-microbial. Because of the ever-increasing number of drug resistant bacteria, healthcare worldwide is facing a serious challenge ...
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Abstract Cyclotides are small disulfide rich peptides isolated from plants. Cyclotides have a range of biological activities including anti-HIV, insecticidal, anti-tumor and anti-microbial. Because of the ever-increasing number of drug resistant bacteria, healthcare worldwide is facing a serious challenge and there is an urgent need for novel compounds to treat disease. Cyclotides have high potential to become the next generation of bio-active compounds. In this study, to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of cyclotides isolated from the Iranian violet we put cycloviolacin O2 near the bacterial model membrane and molecular dynamics simulations were performed for 200 nanoseconds. analysis show that cycloviolacin O2 adsorbs onto the membrane and it seems that hydrogen bonds have an important role in peptide adsorption onto the membrane. Over the simulation times, peptide remaining on the membrane surface and doesn't Penetrate into it, While the presence of peptide in the membrane surface increases irregularity of hydrocarbon chains.
Research Paper
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Abstract
Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) is a member of Iridaceae family and one of the most valuable plants in medicine and nutrition point of view. This plant is propagated by corms. Corm is composed of many compounds including starch, proteins and components that have been involved in immune. To evaluate the effect ...
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Saffron (Crocus Sativus L.) is a member of Iridaceae family and one of the most valuable plants in medicine and nutrition point of view. This plant is propagated by corms. Corm is composed of many compounds including starch, proteins and components that have been involved in immune. To evaluate the effect of corms aqueous extract on the human immune system, the aqueous extract was used by candidates as soft drink. Blood samples were taken from candidates before and after treatments. The candidates were divided into three groups on the base of drink they got between intervals of two blood Sampling e.g. negative control( without any drinking), positive control (water drinking) and treatment (those who took aqueous extract of corm). The analysis of IgG, IgM, C3 and C4 were performed by using appropriate SRID kits. The results showed that the amount of C4, C3, IgG and IgM of control and water consumption groups were slightly increased but the third group who used aqueous extract showed increased concentrations of C4, C3, IgG and decreased IgM. The results suggested the aqueous extract of corms affected on human’s innate and humoral immune system.
