Research Paper
Herbal
Parissa Jonoubi; Masoumeh Arang
Abstract
Introduction: Plant growth regulators exert significant effects on the anatomical structure, differentiation of floral primordia, and development of reproductive organs in plants. This experiment investigated the impacts of auxin and gibberellin on the vegetative and reproductive development of cucumber ...
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Introduction: Plant growth regulators exert significant effects on the anatomical structure, differentiation of floral primordia, and development of reproductive organs in plants. This experiment investigated the impacts of auxin and gibberellin on the vegetative and reproductive development of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. cv. Supernia F1). Materials and methods: A factorial experiment was conducted as the basis of a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included naphthalene acetic acid at concentrations of 0, 50, and 100 mg l-1, and gibberellic acid at concentrations of 0, 25, and 50 mg l-1, which were sprayed on the plants every ten days until the end of flowering. Results and discussion: Anatomical studies had significant impacts on the thickness of the cortex layers, the phloem and xylem regions, the diameter of the xylem opening of the root, stem, and leaf, the thickness of the petiole and pith of the stem and leaf trichome at various hormonal levels. The investigation of male reproductive organs revealed that at high concentrations of both hormones, earlier nuclear division occurred during the microspore mother cell and tetrad stages. Additionally, callose walls were observed not only surrounding the tetrad cells and microspores but also around the mature pollen grains, exhibiting high persistence that prevented their separation. It can be concluded that high concentrations of the two hormones inhibited the production of normal pollen grains and anther dehiscence, whereas intermediate concentrations of both hormones accelerated pollen development.
Research Paper
Herbal
masoumeh jannesar; Seyed Mahdi Seyedi
Abstract
Background: Salinity stress, as one of the important abiotic stresses, harms the yield per unit area of many pistachio orchards in Iran. Plants use various mechanisms to adapt to environmental stress conditions, including post-transcriptional gene expression regulation through miRNAs.Methods: Target ...
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Background: Salinity stress, as one of the important abiotic stresses, harms the yield per unit area of many pistachio orchards in Iran. Plants use various mechanisms to adapt to environmental stress conditions, including post-transcriptional gene expression regulation through miRNAs.Methods: Target genes of selected miRNAs were identified against the genes of salt-tolerant (Ghazvini) and sensitive (Sarakhs) pistachio genotypes. The GO enrichment analysis of target genes of selected miRNAs and the expression pattern of selected miRNAs under NaCl, SA, and combined treatment of NaCl+SA were measured.Findings: Salt-responsive target gene prediction of miR172 led to the finding of 113 & 123 target genes for the Ghazvini & Sarakhs genotypes, respectively. Moreover, 93 & 77 target genes were identified for miR399 in the Ghazvini & Sarakhs genotypes. The GO enrichment analysis of the miRNA target genes shows their role in response to chemical stimuli, metabolic processes related to macromolecules, binding to nucleotides & ATP, primary metabolic processes, regulating the catalytic activity of hydrolase, transferase, & oxidoreductase enzymes. Conclusion: The difference in the expression pattern of miR172 and miR399 in response to salt stress between the tolerant and sensitive genotypes indicates the decisive role of these miRNAs in regulating salt stress tolerance mechanisms in pistachio plants. In addition, the findings of this research improve the upstream role of the salicylic acid hormone signaling pathway in the regulation of miRNA expression.
Research Paper
animal
zaniar ghafouri; Soheil Eagderi; Hadi Poorbagher
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the morphological changes of Cyprinion macrostomum in the spring, summer, and autumn and their relationship with the environmental factors in the Little Zab River. For this purpose, sampling was done seasonally in 6 stations with 3 repetitions. Then, to extract morphological ...
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This study aimed to investigate the morphological changes of Cyprinion macrostomum in the spring, summer, and autumn and their relationship with the environmental factors in the Little Zab River. For this purpose, sampling was done seasonally in 6 stations with 3 repetitions. Then, to extract morphological data in the geometric morphometric method, photographs were taken of the samples and 16 landmark points were defined and digitized. Procrust analysis was used to remove non-morphic data from the landmark data. To find the pattern of shape changes and main effective factors, principal component analysis (PCA) was used. Canonical Variates Analysis and 2B-PLS analysis were used to determine the morphological distinction between the populations of sampling stations and to analyze the relationship and correlation between body shape changes and environmental variables, respectively. Based on the results, the morphological characteristics of C. macrostomum of the studied populations in different stations were different in each season. The results of PCA showed changes in the position of the mouth, dorsal fin and caudal peduncle occur in most seasons due to morphological adaptation to the environmental factors of their habitat. 2B-PLS analysis also showed a high correlation and significant difference between body shape and environmental factors in all three seasons (P=0.001, r=0.98). The results also showed a high and significant correlation between the morphological changes of C. macrostomum and the habitat factors of Little Zab River.
Research Paper
Herbal
Aylar Sardarlou; وجودی مهربانی Vojodi Mehrbani; Kambiz Azizpour
Abstract
Introduction: Ornamental plants grown growing in urban areas often face salinity stress. Methods: To evaluate the effects of foliar application of nano ZnO, Fe, and Se (zero and 2 g L-1) and NaCl salinity stress (0, 100, 200 mM) in on Gazania splendens L.; a factorial experiment was conducted based on ...
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Introduction: Ornamental plants grown growing in urban areas often face salinity stress. Methods: To evaluate the effects of foliar application of nano ZnO, Fe, and Se (zero and 2 g L-1) and NaCl salinity stress (0, 100, 200 mM) in on Gazania splendens L.; a factorial experiment was conducted based on completely randomized designs was conducted in Research Greenhouse of Azarbaijan Shahid Madani University, Iran. Results and discussion: The results revealed that highest aerial parts dry weight, was recorded at no salinity and 100 mM NaCl salinity × nano Fe and ZnO foliar spray.The number of flowers (4) increased in under no salinity stress with+ ZnO and Fe foliar spraying and 100 mM salinity stress with + iron nanoparticle foliar sprayingapplication. The Na content, ion leakage, H2O2 content and malondialdehyde content were the highest recorded at NaCl 200 mM × no-foliar spray.Catalase activity was increased in NaCl 100 mM × nono Se and ZnO foliar application. Conclusion: The results showed that salinity had adverse effects on the studied traits of Gazania splendens L. However, Ffoliar spraying with ZnO and iron nanoparticles had a positive effect on increasing the enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants activity compounds, and aerial parts dry weight in specially under 100 mM salinity stress, and it was found that the. Overall, Gazania plant is was able to withstand the salinity stress of 100 mM sodium chloride
Research Paper
Herbal
Akram Taleghani; Samira Eghbali; Roya Moghimi
Abstract
Introduction: Silene conoidea (family: Caryophyllaceae) as an rarely distributed edible weed in Iran, have a medicinal properties such as insecticidal, antimicrobial, antibacterial and allelopathic effect. Material & Methods: This is the first report to investigate the phytochemical contents, phytochemical ...
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Introduction: Silene conoidea (family: Caryophyllaceae) as an rarely distributed edible weed in Iran, have a medicinal properties such as insecticidal, antimicrobial, antibacterial and allelopathic effect. Material & Methods: This is the first report to investigate the phytochemical contents, phytochemical compounds and biological activities of six successive fractions (petroleum ether, chloroform, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) obtained from root of species for natural new drug development. Results & discussion: The methanol fraction of root exhibited a strong antioxidant activity than the BHT (IC50: 11.61± 1.34 µg/ml). Also, chloroform and methanol fractions revealed moderate antimicrobial activity against bacterial strains with MIC values in range of 0.0625 to 0.25 mg/ml compared to gentamicin. The more active fractions (chloroform and methanol) were processed for bioactive compounds identification. Forty compounds representing 97.98 % of the total composition were detected by GC-MS from the chloroform fraction of root. The main constituents were dominated by fatty acid derivatives (63.98%), hydrocarbons (20.58%) and terpene derivatives (6.82%). The LC-ESI-MS study of methanol fraction reveals the presence of common composition groups, including flavonoids, steroids and triterpenoid saponins. Apigenin, diosmin, swertisin-2′′-O-glucoside and hesperetin were identified as bioactive compounds. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that S. conoidea root can be used in pharmaceutical and food industries.
Research Paper
animal
Alireza Pesarakloo; Mina Karimi; Raziyeh Alaei
Abstract
Introduction: chemical pollution of water has been introduced as one of the main threats to biological communities. Amphibians have a close relationship with aquatic environments due to their biphasic life cycle, permeable skin and aquatic larvae. the effect of environmental pollutants in some amphibian ...
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Introduction: chemical pollution of water has been introduced as one of the main threats to biological communities. Amphibians have a close relationship with aquatic environments due to their biphasic life cycle, permeable skin and aquatic larvae. the effect of environmental pollutants in some amphibian habitats around Arak and Shazand cities was investigated on egg hatching and survival of green toad larvae Bufotes sitibundus. Materials and methods: the effect of six contaminated water sources and one control source on egg samples was investigated. Physicochemical parameters including PH, TDS, Salt, EC, DO, BOD, COD and elemental analysis using ICP device in water samples and the number of six biological traits such as growth index, physical condition, incubation period of embryo-larval stages, malformation , survival and mortality percentages were investigated in larval samples. Results and discussion: A significant decrease in survival in all containers containing contaminated water compared to the control sample, a decrease in growth in some containers and an increase in growth in one of the breeding containers compared to the water in the control sample, and the occurrence of abnormalities were treated in containers during the larval period. According to the previous researches and the significant results of the current research, the decrease in the survival percentage, the increase in the occurrence of abnormalities, and the difference in the growth percentage in the breeding containers can be attributed to the chemical pollution of the water. COD), attributed the presence of heavy metals and water salinity.
Research Paper
Herbal
Golara Golmohammadi; رسول َAsghari Zakaria; Azadeh Hekmat; Sakineh Padyab
Abstract
Background: Utilizing plant extracts for synthesizing nanoparticles has garnered significant interest as an eco-friendly approach. This research was conducted to investigate the green synthesis of zinc nanoparticles using the aerial parts extract of the cow cockle (Vaccaria hispanica) and determine their ...
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Background: Utilizing plant extracts for synthesizing nanoparticles has garnered significant interest as an eco-friendly approach. This research was conducted to investigate the green synthesis of zinc nanoparticles using the aerial parts extract of the cow cockle (Vaccaria hispanica) and determine their antibacterial properties. Methods: The size and structure of synthesized zinc nanoparticles were confirmed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared spectrometer (FTIR). Also, the antibacterial properties of the methanolic and aqueous extracts of cow cockle aerial parts and seeds were investigated on the bacteria by disc diffusion method using tetracycline as a control. Findings: Analysis of variance showed that the size of the inhibition zone in the plates containing two kinds of Gram-negative (Escherichia coli) and Gram-positive (Staphylococcus aureus) bacteria was significantly affected by the species of bacteria, extraction method (aqueous and alcoholic), different concentrations of the extract and the interaction effect of the bacteria species and the concentration of the extracts. E. coli showed a larger inhibition zone than S. aureus, which indicated its greater sensitivity to cow cockle extract. Antibacterial properties of cow cockle aerial parts and seed extracts increased significantly with increasing concentration. Also, the size of the inhibition zone in the plates containing E. coli and S. aureus bacteria increased significantly by increasing the concentration of zinc nanoparticles from 0.5 to 2 mg/mL. Conclusion: In general, aerial parts and seed extracts of V. hispanica and green-synthesized nanoparticles showed good antibacterial properties against E. coli and S. aureus bacteria.
Research Paper
Herbal
Javad Farrokhi Toolir; Bahman Panahi
Abstract
Background: A study was conducted to initially identify a number of superior walnut genotypes in Kerman province. Methods: Among the walnut genotypes from different regions in Kerman province located at elevations ranging from 2163 to 2867 meters above sea level, 43 genotypes were evaluated for 27 morphological ...
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Background: A study was conducted to initially identify a number of superior walnut genotypes in Kerman province. Methods: Among the walnut genotypes from different regions in Kerman province located at elevations ranging from 2163 to 2867 meters above sea level, 43 genotypes were evaluated for 27 morphological variables over a period of three years (2020 to 2023). The results were evaluated based on descriptive statistics and multivariable analysis; Findings: According to the results of this research, the genetic diversity among genotypes did not follow a geographical distribution pattern. The growth vigor in genotypes 18, 19, and 22 was very strong. The ease of kernel separation was easy or very easy in 34% of genotypes. High yield was reported in 7 genotypes. About 16% of the genotypes were sensitive to late spring frost, while the rest showed medium or low sensitivity. No signs of anthracnose disease were reported among the genotypes. The highest coefficient of variation (CV) belonged to the trait "time of pollen shedding" (77.32%). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first 10 components related to qualitative traits described 75% of the total variation. Based on the dendrogram, 4 distinct groups were created in terms of qualitative traits. Conclusion: Since desirable traits for walnut breeding, such as late leafing, early bearing, and lateral bearing type, are important, it can be said that genotypes 1, 2, 10, and 39 showed positive correlations with all these traits. The results can be used in selecting genotypes for using in future breeding programs
