Research Paper
Herbal
abbas abhari
Abstract
In order to predict nitrogen remobilization and effect of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate on the efficiency of water and nitrogen consumption in the fennel, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor consisted of planting ...
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In order to predict nitrogen remobilization and effect of ammonium nitrate and ammonium sulfate on the efficiency of water and nitrogen consumption in the fennel, a factorial experiment was conducted in a randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor consisted of planting date at three levels (first: March 13, second: March 27 and third: April 18) and the second factor was nitrogen fertilizer spraying at three levels (ammonium sulfate (21%), ammonium nitrate (25%), and no fertilizer) with concentrations of one in a thousand in beginning of budding stage. The physiological efficiency of nitrogen increased to about 36.5, and the efficiency of water consumption was also increased. Therefore, it can be said that the availability of nitrogen in the plant tissue has a positive effect on the efficiency of water consumption. The results of the mean comparison showed that on the first and second planting date (respectively, with 85.3 and 92.9 mg/g of grain weight), ammonium sulfate foliar spraying treatment produced the highest amount of grain protein. Nevertheless, on the planting date of April 20, ammonium nitrate foliar spraying treatment produced the highest amount of grain protein with 81.12 mg/g of grain weight. Regarding the amount of total chlorophyll, the conditions were different.
Research Paper
Herbal
farzane Bahadori; Fatemeh Rabizadeh
Abstract
In the Iranian Red Data Book, Gypsophile Nepeta (Nepeta eremokosmos Rech. F.) is listed as a threatened species. It is naturally adapted to gypsum habitats. Understanding the relationships between environmental variables and N. eremokosmos distribution helps us apply these findings to establish preservation ...
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In the Iranian Red Data Book, Gypsophile Nepeta (Nepeta eremokosmos Rech. F.) is listed as a threatened species. It is naturally adapted to gypsum habitats. Understanding the relationships between environmental variables and N. eremokosmos distribution helps us apply these findings to establish preservation and cultivation programs. To understand the main adaptive mechanisms of N. eremokosmos to gypsic soils, anatomical analyses were performed. RDA (Redundancy Analysis), Pearson's correlation coefficients between explanatory variables were used to evaluate the effect of environmental factors on the abundance of N. eremokosmos species. Physicochemical characteristics of the soil were investigated in terms of factors including CaCO3, pH, EC (Electrical Conductivity), calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, phosphorus, and nitrogen. Idioblasts were clearly observed in this species' leaf parenchyma. There are also mineral crystals such as calcium oxalate in the leaf parenchyma that enable the plant to adapt well to gypsic soils. The calcium content was twice as large in N. eremokosmos habitats as in control sites. EC, pH, and nitrogen factors negatively impact this species' frequency and distribution. Our findings revealed that potassium, gypsum, CaCO3, and sand percentage had an essential role in N. eremokosmos abundance. In the future, this study will screen the critical factors for the domestication and cultivation of this species based on its habitat properties.
Research Paper
Biotechnology
Leyla Davarvash; Maghsoud Pazhouhandeh; Mohammad Ahmadabadi
Abstract
Introduction: T7 RNA polymerase from T7 bacteriophage has suitable features for using in recombinant protein expression or transcription systems. This enzyme does not require additional factors to identify its promoter, operates very specific and only express the genes under T7 promoter. The features ...
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Introduction: T7 RNA polymerase from T7 bacteriophage has suitable features for using in recombinant protein expression or transcription systems. This enzyme does not require additional factors to identify its promoter, operates very specific and only express the genes under T7 promoter. The features of T7 expression system make it important in biotechnology. Therefore, due to the increasing importance of this enzyme, its mass production at low cost is greatly important. Materials and Methods: In this research, T7 phage was applied and PCR reaction was performed using T7 RNAPol-specific primers containing the cutting sites for restriction enzymes. After the electrophoresis of PCR product, T7 RNAPol gene and pGEX2TK plasmid were digested by BamHI and EcoRI enzymes and after being purified, the ligation was performed between them. The recombinant pGEX-T7RNAPol plasmid was transformed into the E. coli, by electroporation. Bacterial positive colonies containing the recombinant plasmid were selected using PCR. Results: After confirming the obtained plasmids by PCR and digestion, they were sequenced and the sequence analysis confirmed the exact T7 RNA polymerase gene according to NCBI accession sequence. This recombinant plasmid was transformed into Rosetta strain of E. coli in order to express. Its positive colonies were selected and liquid culture was carried out. T7 RNAPol protein expression in bacteria was done by inducing with IPTG and after extraction, it was confirmed by SDS-PAGE. This research is a prerequisite for T7 RNA Polymerase commercial and mass production that will be start after the optimization of its expression and purification methods.
Research Paper
Herbal
Hamid Reza Darafshi; Seied Mohammad Javad Arvin; Fatemeh Nejad-Alimoradi
Abstract
Introduction: Brassinosteroids play an important role in plant growth and development. Seedling is one of the most important factors affecting plant establishment and crop production. Methods: The effects of tomato seed pretreatment with 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) on germination indicators, seedling growth ...
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Introduction: Brassinosteroids play an important role in plant growth and development. Seedling is one of the most important factors affecting plant establishment and crop production. Methods: The effects of tomato seed pretreatment with 24-Epibrassinolide (EBL) on germination indicators, seedling growth in the greenhouse and the effect of foliar spraying on plant growth and yield in the field were investigated. The treatments in the germination and seedling production stage included seed soaking (priming) in distilled water (control) and EBL solution with concentrations of 0.25, 0.5 and 0.75 μM for 24 hours. Seedlings obtained by seed priming in EBL (0, 0.5 and 0.75 μM) were transferred to the field and after one month, they were sprayed with concentrations of 0, 0.5 and 0.75 μM. Results and discussion: compared to the control, EBL increased the percentage and speed of seed germination and all physiological and growth parameters, and the effect of 0.75 μM was more significant. The effect of EBL on the measured parameters in the field was also very impressive. Although the effect of seed priming alone in all treatments was significantly better than the foliar spraying alone in all stages, but the combination of these two treatments in both concentrations of 0.5 and 0.75 μM was more significant than seed priming or foliar spraying treatments. Tomato production from the combination of seed priming along with foliar spraying increased by 74% at 0.5 μM and 145% at 0.75 μM concentration compared to the control.
Research Paper
Herbal
Sara Ramezani; Sayeh Jafari Marandi; Sedighe Arbabian; Fahimeh Salimpour
Abstract
Introduction: Although all flowering plants share similar stages of development in their vegetative and reproductive organs, there is potential for variation in organ conditions due to gene expression. Understanding flower development stages helps comprehend genetic mechanisms for plant organogenesis ...
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Introduction: Although all flowering plants share similar stages of development in their vegetative and reproductive organs, there is potential for variation in organ conditions due to gene expression. Understanding flower development stages helps comprehend genetic mechanisms for plant organogenesis and morphogenesis. Polygonum bistorta L. is a medicinal plant from the Polygonaceae family. The aim of this study is to examine the anatomical structure of vegetative meristems and investigate several stages of flower development in this species. Hence, this particular species has been gathered from Hamadan Province. Methods:Carmen Zaji, methyl green, hematoxylin, and eosin stains have been used to examine the histology of the plant. An electron microscope photo of the pollen has also been prepared. The Results and Discussion: The investigation has shown that the vascular system of the root and stem in dicotyledons is similar, with collateral vessels in the stem and alternate and pantropical in the root. The vegetative meristem is prominent and domed, and the pollen is spherical and split (tricoplate). The ovule develops into a slightly protruding fruit with thick, lignin-walled cells containing the embryo, which cotyledons fill the bulk of the seed. Calcium oxalate was not found in the studied organs.
Research Paper
Herbal
mehrdad salehzadeh; saeedeh dehghanpour farashah; mohammad bagher hassanpouraghdam
Abstract
Introduction: Cucumber mosaic virus is a dominant disease in cucumber and many other crops, which causes a lot of damage worldwide and in Iran. In recent years, the use of defense inducers has received much attention. Methods: In the present study, we tried to investigate the defensive effects of sodium ...
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Introduction: Cucumber mosaic virus is a dominant disease in cucumber and many other crops, which causes a lot of damage worldwide and in Iran. In recent years, the use of defense inducers has received much attention. Methods: In the present study, we tried to investigate the defensive effects of sodium nitroprusside as a biological stimulus on Cucurbita pepo which is considered susceptible to Cucumber mosaic virus. The plants were incubated at the full two-leaf stage by CMV with a concentration of 50 micrograms/ml. After 48 hours, CMV-infected plants were sprayed with SNP in three concentrations of 100, 200 and 300 micrograms/ml. Finally, the level of expression of coat proteins and virus replicase genes, the expression pattern of PAL, GPX1, LOX1, Pr1 and Pr3 genes as well as some morpho-physiological characteristics of Cucurbita plants were evaluated in three repetitions during three weeks. Results and discussion: The results showed that the plants treated with SNP showed an increase in the expression of the studied genes after the infection by CMV. So that, the treated plants showed an increase in the genes expression pattern depending on the concentration of SNP till the third week compared to the control plants. In addition, several physiological characteristics were also improved. In conclusion, the use of SNP can be considered as an effective methodology in the induction of systemic resistance in Cucurbita pepo plants against CMV.
