Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
1 Microbiology Department, Faculty of Biological Sciences, Alzahra University, Tehran, Iran
2 Nursing Department, Hamedan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Hamedan, Iran
3 . Microbiology Department, TehranNorth Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Abstract
Cancer is one of the problems of human society that threatens human health. Since anti-cancer drugs have multiple side effects, identification of the biological processes and the protozoan antigens leads to the introduction of suitable candidates. In this experimental study, the effect of cisplatinum and Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania major peptic ulcers on isolated, susceptible (A2780-CP) and susceptible (A2780) and resistant strains (A2780) to Cysplatinum was evaluated individually and combined. MTT test was used to determine the cell survival and trypan blue coloring was used to determine the cell proliferation and cell count. Data were calculated using SPSS software and GraphPad prism5 software. The amount of cell proliferation in the two experimental groups was significantly lower than the control group. The highest reduction in proliferation and dead cells was observed in two experimental groups in the group treated with Leishmania major peptic ulcer extract with cisplatin. Parasitic extracts of Toxoplasma gondii and Leishmania Major can have significant lethal effects on both cancer cell lines due to their complex excretion / secretion antigens.
Keywords
Arefkhah, N., Shirzad, H., Mosavi, F., Taghipor, S.,Daneshpor, S., Yousofi Darani, H. (2013) Effects of hydatid cyst antigens on Hella cells in vitro. Journal of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences 15(5): 65-71.
Bae, S.M., Lee, C.H., Cho, Y.L., Nam, K.H., Kim, Y.W., Kim, C.K., et al. (2005) Two-dimensionalgel analysis of protein expression profie insquamous cervical cancer patients Gynecologic Oncology Journal 99: 26-35.
Baruah, H., Rector, C.L., Monnier, S.M., Bierbach, U. (2002) Mechanism of action of non-cisplatin type DNA-targeted platinum anticancer agents: DNA interactions of novel acridinyl thioureas and their platinum conjugates. Biochemical pharmacology 64(2): 191-200.
Banerjee, S.K., Maulik, S.K. (2002) Effect of garlic on cardiovascular disorders: a review. Nutrition Journal. 1: 4.
Bertolini, G., Roz, L., Perego, P., Tortoreto, M., Fontanella, E., Gatti, L., et al. (2009) Highly tumorigenic lung cancer CD133+ cells display stem-like features and are spared by cisplatin treatment. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 106(38): 16281-6.
Beretta, GL., Gatti, L., Tinelli, S., Corna, E., Colangelo, D., Zunino, F., et al. (2004) Cellular pharmacology of cisplatin in relation to the expression of human copper transporter CTR1 in different pairs of cisplatin-sensitive and-resistant cells. Biochemical pharmacology 68(2): 283-91.
Benkeblia, N. (2005) Free-radical scavenging capacity and antioxidant properties of some selected onions (Allium cepa L.) and garlic (Allium sativum L.) extracts. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology 48(5): 753-59.
Bodo, J., Chovancova, J., Hunakova, L., Sedlak J. (2005) Enhanced sensitivity of human ovarian carcinoma cell lines A2780 and A2780/CP to the combination of cisplatin and synthetic isothiocyanate ethyl 4-isothiocyanatobutanoate. Neoplasma 52(6): 510.
Campos, A., Neto. (2005) what about Th1/Th2 in cutaneous leishmaniasis vaccine discovery? Brazilian Journal of Medical and Biological Research 32: 979-984.
Du Bois, A., Lück, H-J., Meier, W., Adams, H-P., Möbus, V., Costa, S., et al. (2003) A randomized clinical trial of cisplatin/paclitaxel versus carboplatin/paclitaxel as fist-line treatment of ovarian cancer. Journal of the National Cancer Institute 95(17): 1320-9.
Darani, H.Y., Shirzad. H., Mansoori, F., Zabardast, N., Mahmoodzadeh, M. (2009) Effcts of Toxoplasma gondii and Toxocara canis antigens on WEHI- 164 firosarcoma growth in a mouse model. The Korean Journal of Parasitology 47(2): 175-7.
Darani, H.Y., Yousef, M. (2012) Parasites and cancers: parasite antigens as possible targets for cancer immunotherapy. Future Oncology 8(12): 1529-35.
Das Ghosh, D., Bhattacharjee, B., Sen, S.,Premi, L., Mukhopadhyay, I., Chowdhury, R.R.,et al. (2012) Some novel insights on HPV16 relatedcervical cancer pathogenesis based onanalyses of LCR methylation, viral load, E7and E2/E4 expressions. PLOS One 7: 44678.
Dasari, S., Tchounwou, P.B. (2014) Cisplatin in cancer therapy: molecular mechanisms of action. European journal of pharmacology 740: 364-78.
de Wit, R., Herrstedt, J., Rapoport, B., Carides, A., Guoguang-Ma, J., Elmer, M., et al. (2004) The oral NK 1 antagonist, aprepitant, given with standard antiemetics provides protection against nausea and vomiting over multiple cycles of cisplatin-based chemotherapy: a combined analysis of two randomised, placebo-controlled Phase III clinical trials. European Journal of Cancer 40(3): 403-10.
Eastman, A. (1999) The mechanism of action of cisplatin: from adducts to apoptosis. Cisplatin Chemistry and biochemistry of a leading anticancer drug. 111-34.
Fuertes, M., Castilla, J., Alonso, C., Prez, J. (2003) Cisplatin biochemical mechanism of action: from cytotoxicity to induction of cell death through interconnections between apoptotic and necrotic pathways. Current medicinal chemistry 10(3): 257-66.
Herwldt, B.L. (1999) Leishmaniasis. Lancet 354: 1191-9.
Holzer, A.K., Katano, K., Klomp, L.W., Howell, S.B. (2004) Cisplatin rapidly down-regulates its own inflx transporter hCTR1 in cultured human ovarian carcinoma cells. Clinical Cancer Research 10(19): 6744-9.
Hollingsworth, M.A., Swanson, B.J. (2004) Mucins in cancer: protection and control of the cell surface. Nat Rev Cancer 4(1): 45-60.
Huby, F., Hoste, H., Mallet, S., Fournel, S., Nano, J.L. (1995) Effects of the excretory/secretory productsof six nematode species, parasites of the digestive tract, on the proliferation of HT29-D4 andHGT-1 cell lines. Epithelial Cell Biology 4(4): 156-62.
Huby, F., Nano, J.L., Mallet, S., Hoste, H. (1999) Effects of the excretory/secretory products of Trichostrongylus colubriformis on the growth of different cell lines. International Journal for Parasitology 29(5): 697-702.
Jeon, B.D., Kim, J.H., Ryu, S. (2009) Differences of garlic powder ingestion and exercise training on blood lipids, MDA and SOD in rats. Life Sciences 19(10): 1337-45.
Jemal, A., Bray, F., Center, M.M., Ferlay, J.,Ward, E., Forman, D. (2011) Global cancer statistics. CA: ACancer Journal for Clinician 61: 69-90.
John, F. (2015) 8th edition Cellular and molecular immunology.Kennedy Blvd. Philadelphia. PA 19103-2899.
Kasahara, K., Fujiwara, Y., Nishio, K., Ohmori, T., Sugimoto, Y., Komiya, K., et al. (1991) Metallothionein content correlates with the sensitivity of human small cell lung cancer cell lines to cisplatin. Cancer research 51(12): 3237-42.
Kondo, Y., Kuo, S-M., Watkins, S.C., Lazo, J.S. (1995) Metallothionein localization and cisplatin resistance in human hormone-independent prostatic tumor cell lines. Cancer research 55(3): 474-7.
Lamm, D.L. (1985) Bacillus calmette-guerin immunotherapy for bladder cancer. The Journal of Urology 134(1): 40-7.
Li, Y., Womer, R., Silber, J. (2004) Predicting cisplatin ototoxicity in children: the inflence of age and the cumulative dose. European Journal of Cancer 40(16): 2445-51.
Magkos, F., Patterson, B.W., Mohammed, B.S., Mittendorfer, B. (2007) A single 1-h bout of evening exercise increases basal FFA flex without affecting VLDL-triglyceride and VLDL apolipoprotein B-100 kinetics in untrained lean men. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism 292(6): 1568-74.
Magkos, F., Tsekouras, Y.E., Prentzas, K.I., Basioukas, K.N., Matsama, S.G., Yanni, A.E., et al. (2008) acute exercise-induced changes in basal VLDL-triglyceride kinetics leading to hypotriglyceridemia manifest more readily after resistance than endurance exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology 105(4): 1228-36.
Mellish, K., Kelland, L., Harrap, K. (1993) In vitro platinum drug chemosensitivity of human cervical squamous cell carcinoma cell lines with intrinsic and acquired resistance to cisplatin. British journal of cancer 68(2): 240.
Milosavljevic, N., Duranton, C., Djerbi, N., Puech, P.H., Gounon, P., Lagadic-Gossmann, D., et al. (2010) Nongenomic effects of cisplatin: acute inhibition of mechanosensitive transporters and channels without actin remodeling. Cancer research 70(19): 7514-22.
Montoya, J.G., Boothroyd, J.C., Kovacs, J.A. (2010) Toxo-plasma gondii. In: Mandell GL, Bennett JE, Dol-in R, editors.Mandell Douglas and Bennett's principles and practice of infectious diseases. 7th ed. Philadelphia: Churchill Livigstone 3495- 526.
Nakhostin-Roohi, B., Babaei, P., Rahmani-Nia, F., Bohlooli, S. (2008) Effect of vitamin C supplementation on lipid peroxidation, muscle damage and inflammation after 30-min exercise at 75% VO2max. The Journal of Sports Medicine and Physical Fitness 48(2): 217-24.
Pabla, N., Murphy, R.F., Liu, K., Dong, Z. (2009) The copper transporter Ctr1 contributes to cisplatin uptake by renal tubular cells during cisplatin nephrotoxicity. American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology. 296(3): 505-11.
Rabik, C.A., Dolan, M.E. (2007) Molecular mechanisms of resistance and toxicity associated with platinating agents. Cancer treatment reviews. 33(1): 9-23.
Reiner, S.L., Laksley, R.M. (1995) The regulation of immunity to Leishmania major. Annual Review of Immunology 13: 151-177.
Salama, A. (2009) Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia. Expert opinion on drug safety 80(1) 29-73.
Safaei, R., Howell, S.B. (2005) Copper transporters regulate the cellular pharmacology and sensitivity to Pt drugs. Critical reviews in oncology/hematology. 53(1): 13-23.
Siddik, Z.H. (2003) Cisplatin: mode of cytotoxic action and molecular basis of resistance. Oncogene 22(47): 7265-79.
Silveirsa, F., Blackwell, J., Ishikawa, E., Braga, R., Shaw, J., Quinnell, R., SOONG, L., Kima, P., Mcmahon Pratt, D., Black, G. (1998) T cell responses to crude and defied leishmanial antigens in patients from the lower Amazon region of Brazil infected with diffrent species of Leishmania of the subgenera Leishmania and Viannia. Parasite immunology 20: 19-26.
Surowiak, P., Materna, V., Maciejczyk, A., Pudełko, M., Markwitz, E., Spaczyński, M., et al. (2007) Nuclear metallothionein expression correlates with cisplatin resistance of ovarian cancer cells and poor clinical outcome. Virchows Archiv 450(3): 279-85.
Wesseling, J., van der Valk, S.W., Vos, H.L., Sonnenberg, A., Hilkens, J. (1995) Episialin (MUC1) overexpression inhibits integrin-mediated cell adhesion to extracellular matrix components. The Journal of Cell Biology 129(1): 255-65.
Yao, X., Panichpisal, K., Kurtzman, N., Nugent, K. (2007) Cisplatin nephrotoxicity: a review. The American journal of the medical sciences 334(2): 115-24.
)