Document Type : Research Paper
Authors
Plant production Department, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Gonbad-e- Kavoos University, Gonbad Kavous, Golestan Province, Iran. BOX. 163.
Abstract
Basically, reduction in crop yield is due to the competition and allelopathy of weeds. This study was aimed at assessing some secondary metabolites content and evaluates the allelopathic potential of various organs of Fumaria parviflora on morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of Avena ludoviciana seedling. Aqueous solution of organs was prepared using 5g plant material/ 100ml D.W and applying it on 7- day old seedlings of Avena ludoviciana. The quantification assay of alkaloids and total phenols in various organs of Fumaria parviflora indicated that leaf and flower organs had the highest content of these compounds, compared to root and stem. According to the results, the allelopathic compounds of various organs of Fumaria parviflora had a different inhibitory effect on root length, seedling length, plant fresh and dry weight, leaf area, and the content of total chlorophyll, carotenoids and proteins of Avena ludoviciana. The most negative effect on the traits of Avena ludoviciana was obtained in the leaf organ of Fumaria parviflora. In addition, the content of prolin and enzymes activity of catalase, guaiacol peroxidase and ascorbate peroxidase were increased under aqueous extract of v organs of Fumaria parviflora over the control.
Keywords
حسینی، پ. (1386) بررسی فیزیولوژیکی اثر تنش سرما در مرحله گیاهچه‌ای ژنوتیپ‌های مختلف برنج. رساله دکتری تخصصی. دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز 145 صفحه.
رجایی، و.، غلامعلی‌پور علمداری، ا.، اورسجی، ز. و نعیمی، م. (1397) ارزیابی پتانسیل دگرآسیبی عصاره آبی اندام‌های هوایی علف‌هرز تاتوره (Datura stramonium) بر صفات جوانه‌زنی و میزان رنگیزه‌های فتوسنتزی ارقام گندم. نشریه پژوهش‌های بذر ایران 5(2): 41-29.
زرگری، ع. (1371) گیاهان داروئی (جلد سوم)، چاپ پنجم، انتشارات دانشگاه تهران.
سلیمی، ح. و قربانلی، م. (1380) بررسی جوانه زنی بذور یولاف‌وحشی درشرایط متفاوت و تاثیر برخی عوامل موثر در شکست خفتگی بذر. رستنی‌ها جلد 2.
علی سلطانی، ا.، علیزاده، ه.، محفوظی، س. و خیال‌پرست، ف. (1391) اثر دوره‌های کوتاه و طولانی مدت سرماسازگاری بر خصوصیات بیوشیمیایی دو رقم بهاره و زمستانه گندم نان (Triricum aestivum L.). مجله علوم زراعی ایران 14(2): 120-108.
قهرمان، ا. (1373) کورموفیت‌های ایران. جلد چهارم، مرکز نشر دانشگاه تهران. 618 صفحه.
قهرمان، ا. (1375) کد خانواده‌ها و جنس‌های گیاهی ایران. انتشارات موسسه تحقیقات جنگل‌ها و مراتع کشور 222 صفحه.
مظفریان، و. (1375) فرهنگ نام‌های گیاهان ایران: لاتینی، انگلیسی، فارسی. فرهنگ معاصر 238 صفحه.
مهرپور، م.، کاشفی، ب. و مقدم، م. (1395) بررسی ترکیبات فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی‌اکسیدانی اندام‌های مختلف گیاه دارویی.Ferula assafoetida L. در دو رویشگاه طبیعی استان‌های سمنان و خراسان. فصلنامه اکوفیتوشیمی گیاهان دارویی 13(1): 68-56.
میقانی، ف. (1382) آللوپاتی (دگرآسیبی) از مفهوم تا کاربرد. انتشارات پرتو واقعه، تهران 256 صفحه.
Abu-Romman, S., Shatnawi, M. and Shibli, R (2010) Allelopathic effects of spurge (Euphorbia hierosolymitana) on wheat (Triticum durum). American- Eurasian Journal of Agricultural and Environmental Science 7(3): 298-302.
Aebi, H. )1984) Catalase in vitro. Methods Enzymology 105: 121–126.
Amoo, S.O., Ojo, A.U. and Van Staden, J. (2008) Allelopathic potential of Tetrapleura tetraptera leaf extracts on early seedling growth of five agricultural crops. South African Journal of Botany 74: 149-152.
Bates, L.S., Walderen, R.D. and Taere, I.D. (1973) Rapid determination of free proline for water stress studies. Plant Soil 39: 205-207.
Caceres, A. (2000) Calidad de la material prima para la elaboracion de productos fitofarma ceuticas. Primer Congreso International FITO 2000 Por la investigacion, conservacion y diffusion del conocimiento de las plantas medicinals 27-30 de septiembre, Lima, Peru.
Cadho, K.L. and Rajender, G. (1995) Advances in horticulture medicinal and aromatic plants. Vol. 11, Maldorta Publication. New Delhi.
Clarka, D. )2006) The role of allelopathy in agricultural ecosystems. Department of Pomology and Basic Natural Sciences in Horticulture, Warsaw Agricultural University.
Cruz-Ortega, R., Lara-Núñez, A. and Anaya, A. L. (2007) Allelochemical stress can trigger oxidative damage in receptor plants. Plant Signaling and Behavior 2: 269-270.
Elisante, F., Tarimo, M.T. and Ndakidemi, P.A. (2013) Allelopathic effect of seed and leaf aqueous extracts of Datura stramonium on leaf chlorophyll content, shoot and root elongation of Cenchrus ciliaris and Neonotonia wightii. American Journal of Plant Sciences 4: 2332-2339.
Enteshari, Sh. and Ahrabi, F. )2011( Effect of the coumarin on some physiological and biochemical indexes of Conola- Hiola variety. Journal of Plant Biology 3(10): 26-23.
Gniazdowska, A. and Bogatek, R. (2005) Allelopathic interactions between plants, Multi site action of allelochemicals. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum 27: 395-407.
Gupta, P.C., Sharma, N. and Rao, C.V. (2012) A review on ethnobotany, phytochemistry and pharmacology of Fumaria indica (Fumitory). Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 2(8): 665-669.
Harborne, J.B. (1973) Phytochemical methods, London. Phytochemistry 51: 187189.
Harries, M.J., Chalmers, R.J.G. and Griffiths, C.E.M. (2005) Fumaric acid esters for severe psoriasis: a retrospective review of 58 cases. British Journal of Dermatology 153(3): 549-551.
Hemeda, H.M. and Kelin, B.P. (1990) Effects of naturally occurring antioxidants on peroxidase activity of vegetables extracts. Journal of Food Science 55(1), 184-185.
Jabeen, N. and Ahmed, M. )2009( Possible allelopathic effects of three different weeds germination and growth of maize (Zea mays) cultivars. Pakistan Journal of Botany 41(4): 1677-1683.
Justin, A.C., Ingrid, M.P. and Gregory, S.G. (2012) Allelopathy: Allelopathy: a tool for weed management in forest restoration 213(12):1975- 1989.
Kala, S. )2015) Effect of Nacl salt stress on antioxidant enzymes of isabgol (Plantago ovata forsk.) genotypes. International Journal of Scientific and Technology Research 4(02): 2277-8616.
Kao, C.H. (1981) Senescence of rice leaves. VI. Comparative study of the metabolic changes of senescing turgid and water–stressed excised leaves. Plant and Cell Physiology 22: 683–685.
Kavi Kishori, P.B., Sangam, S., Amrutha, R.N., Sri Laxmi, P., Naidu, K.R., Rao, K.R.S.S., Rao, S., Reddy, K.J., Theriappan, P. and Sreenivasulu, N. (2005) Regulation of proline biosynthesis, degradation, uptake and transport in higher plant: its implication in plant growth and abiotic stress tolerance. Current Science 88 (3): 424– 438.
Kazzazi, M., Bandani, A.R. and Hosseinkhani, S. (2005) Biochemical characterization of α-amylase of the Sunn pest, Eurgaster intergriceps. Entomological sciences 8: 371-377.
Kobayashi, K.)2004 (Factors affecting phytotoxic activity of allelochemicals in soil. Weed Biology and Management 4: 1-7.
Kohli, R.K., Singh, H.P. and Batish, D.R. (2001) Allelopathy in agro ecosystems. Food Products Press, New York.
Lowry, O.H., Rosebrough, N. J. and Rand, R. J. (1951) Protein measurement with the folin phenol reagent. Journal of Biological Chemistry 193: 265-273.
Ma, L., Wu, H., Bai, R., Zhou, L., Yuan, X. and Hou, D. (2011) Phytotoxic effects of Stellera chamaejasme L. root extract. African Journal of Agricultural Research 6: 1170-1176.
Machado, S. (2007) Allelopathic potential of various plant species on downy brome: Implications for weed control in wheat production. Agronomy Journal 99: 127–132.
Macias, F.A., Molinillo, J., Varela, R.M. and Galindo, J.C.G. )2007) Allelopathy a natural alternative for weed control. Pest Management Science 63:327-348.
Makoi, J.H. and Ndakidemi, P.A. (2012) Allelopathy as protectant, defense and growth stimulants in legume cereal mixed culture systems. New Zealand Journal of Crop and Horticultural Science 40: 161-186.
Malick, C.P. and Singh, M.B. (1980) In plant enzymology and histo enzymologhy. Kalyani Publishers, New Dehli.
Martinov, M., Oztekin, S. and Muller, J. )2007) Drying. In: Oztekin, S. and Martinov, M. (Eds.). Medicinal and Aromatic Crops. CRC Press, United States of America 320p.
McCalley D.V. (2002) Analysis of the Cinchona alkaloids by high-performance liquid chromatography and other separation techniques. Journal of Chromatogr A 967: 1: 1- 19.
Narwal, S.S. and Tauro, P. )1996(. Allelopathy in pest’s management for sustainable agriculture. Proceeding of the International Conference on Allelopathy, Volume I, New Delhi, India, 5th September Pp 67-76.
Nakano, Y. and Asado, K. (1981) Hydrogen peroxide is scavenged by ascorbate-specific peroxidase in spinach chloroplasts. Plant Cell Physiology 22(5): 867-880.
Onsel, Y., Keles, Y. and Ustum, A.S. (2000) Interactive effect of temperature and heavy stress on the growth and biochemical compounds in wheat. Environmental Pollution Journal 107: 315-320.
Oracz, K., Bailly, C., Gniazdowska, A., Côme, D., Corbineau, D. and Bogatek, R. )2007( Induction of oxidative stress by sunflower phytotoxins in germinating mustard seeds. Journal of Chemical Ecology 33:251-264.
Rao, C.V., Verma, A.R., Gupta, P.K. and Kumar, M.V. (2007) Anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Fumaria indica whole plant extract in experimental animals. Acta Pharmaceutica 57(4): 491- 498.
Suau, R., Cabezudo, B., Rico, R., Najera, F. and Lopez-Romero, J.M. )2002(. Direct determination of alkaloid content in Fumeria species by GC-MS. Phytochemical Analysis 13: 363-367.
Ullah, R., Tanveer, A., Khaliq, A. and Hussain, S. )2013( Comparative allelopathic potential of Fumaria indica L. and Polygonum plebejum L. against field crops. Weed Science Research 19(1): 15-29.
Verbruggen, N. and Hermons, C. (2008) Proline accumulation in plants: a review. Amino Acids 35(4): 753– 759.
Vyvyan, J.R. (2002) Allelochemicals as leads for new herbicides and agrochemicals. Tetrahedron 58:1631-1646.
Weir, T.L., Park, S.W. and Vivanco, J.M. (2004) Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals. Current Opinion in Plant Biology 1: 113-119.
Yoshida, S., Forno, D.A., Cock, J.H. and Gomez, K.A.)1976) Laboratory manual for physiological studies of rice. 3rd Edition. International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Philippines.
)