Herbal
Javad Farrokhi Toolir; Bahman Panahi
Abstract
Background: A study was conducted to initially identify a number of superior walnut genotypes in Kerman province. Methods: Among the walnut genotypes from different regions in Kerman province located at elevations ranging from 2163 to 2867 meters above sea level, 43 genotypes were evaluated for 27 morphological ...
Read More
Background: A study was conducted to initially identify a number of superior walnut genotypes in Kerman province. Methods: Among the walnut genotypes from different regions in Kerman province located at elevations ranging from 2163 to 2867 meters above sea level, 43 genotypes were evaluated for 27 morphological variables over a period of three years (2020 to 2023). The results were evaluated based on descriptive statistics and multivariable analysis; Findings: According to the results of this research, the genetic diversity among genotypes did not follow a geographical distribution pattern. The growth vigor in genotypes 18, 19, and 22 was very strong. The ease of kernel separation was easy or very easy in 34% of genotypes. High yield was reported in 7 genotypes. About 16% of the genotypes were sensitive to late spring frost, while the rest showed medium or low sensitivity. No signs of anthracnose disease were reported among the genotypes. The highest coefficient of variation (CV) belonged to the trait "time of pollen shedding" (77.32%). Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the first 10 components related to qualitative traits described 75% of the total variation. Based on the dendrogram, 4 distinct groups were created in terms of qualitative traits. Conclusion: Since desirable traits for walnut breeding, such as late leafing, early bearing, and lateral bearing type, are important, it can be said that genotypes 1, 2, 10, and 39 showed positive correlations with all these traits. The results can be used in selecting genotypes for using in future breeding programs
Herbal
Seyedeh Fatemeh Fallah; Farshid Ghaderi-Far; Masoud Golalipour; Hamidreza Sadeghi poor
Abstract
Introduction: Long-term storage of seeds under unfavorable conditions leads to their deterioration associated with decreased germination. Several studies have shown increased lipolysis in deteriorating seeds, but little is known about the role of protease activity during deterioration. In the present ...
Read More
Introduction: Long-term storage of seeds under unfavorable conditions leads to their deterioration associated with decreased germination. Several studies have shown increased lipolysis in deteriorating seeds, but little is known about the role of protease activity during deterioration. In the present study, the effect of the controlled deterioration (CD) on the mobilization of storage proteins and the effects of pretreatment with protease inhibitor (PMSF) on the germination percentage of walnut kernels after CD were investigated. Materials and methods: Kernels were adjusted to 15% and 20% MC with water (control) or PMSF solution and then incubated for 3 and 6 days at 45°C for CD. Results: CD increased soluble proteins, solubility of 19-24 kDa glutelins, increased activity of a 80 kDa protease, accumulation of total amino acid, proline and increased protein carbonylation. Although aging-dependent decrease of germination was similar in both control and PMSF pretreatment, the aged kernels in PMSF pretreatment had lower proline, amino acid and carbonyl groups contents compared to the control. Discussion: These results suggest that CD causes increased solubility of protein reserves, but the inhibition of serine protease(s), unlike lipase, has no effect on improving the adverse physiological effects of CD including germination loss, and only at the biochemical level, it partially improved kernel response to stress. Identification of different metabolic pathways operating during CD of kernels can draw a picture of deterioration mechanism and also leads to introducing protocols for the quality and viability maintenance of kernels during storage.
behzad amir; saeed sobhani rad
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and evaluation of extraction methods of tannin from leaves of Iranian walnut (Juglans regia L.) and estimation of fermentative parameters by gas production technique. Mentioned methods include maceration method, boiling method, percolation ...
Read More
The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and evaluation of extraction methods of tannin from leaves of Iranian walnut (Juglans regia L.) and estimation of fermentative parameters by gas production technique. Mentioned methods include maceration method, boiling method, percolation method, and Soxhlet method. The results showed that the number of tannins in all the processing methods was reduced significantly compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Crude protein, crude energy, natural detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were also increased to compare to other treatments, significantly (p < 0.05). Soaking Process compared to other treatments increased significantly cumulative gas production, the fermentable fraction (b) of gas production and also increased insignificantly the parameters of rate (c) of gas production, metabolizable energy, and digestibility of organic matter. Therefore, by comparing the chemical composition and fermentative characteristics of the processed products, it can be concluded maceration method and use distilled water compared to ethanol, is a suitable method for the extraction of tannin and its use in ruminants' feedstuff.
