Herbal
Mahideh Habibi kaleibar; sarah khorasaninejad; Mostafa Ebadi Nahari; Ghasem Karimzadeh; mohsen farhadpour; Christian Gruber
Abstract
Introduction: The genus Viola is the largest genus of the Violaceae and includes 525-600 species, of which 19 species are native to Iran. Methods: For the first time, micromorphological studies of leaf characters such as shape, dimensions, and density of stomata and trichomes in 6 species of Violets ...
Read More
Introduction: The genus Viola is the largest genus of the Violaceae and includes 525-600 species, of which 19 species are native to Iran. Methods: For the first time, micromorphological studies of leaf characters such as shape, dimensions, and density of stomata and trichomes in 6 species of Violets were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to identify useful characters for the identification of species. The characteristics of the leaf such as the dimensions and density of stomata and trichome were measured by image J V.1.52 software. The information was obtained from leaf micromorphological properties were analyzed using SPSS V. 26. Cluster analysis was used by WARD method to determine the species affinity. Results and discussion: The results of the microscopic analysis of the species in terms of micromorphological properties, classified 7 types of trichomes and stomata into 4 groups. The results of the microscopic analysis showed that the trichomes in the studied species are conical, triangular, and uncinate in shape, and there are 3 states: lying, raised, and semi-raised. The longest trichome in V. hirta observed. In all species, stomata were seen as oval in shape. The largest stomatal size was related to V. occulta species and the highest stomatal density was also related to V. hirta species. The results showed that micromorphological characters of six species of viola species, especially V. hirta species identification and separation.
biochemistry
Saeed Mollaei; Hadiseh Abbasi Holasu; Behvar Asghari; Mostafa Ebadi; Hossein Hashempour
Abstract
Introduction: Phenolic acids are secondary metabolites which have many biological activates, which are found at different organs of plants and have an important role in human health. Methods: In this study, the extraction from different organs of Nepeta macrosiphon was done using ethanol 80% as solvent, ...
Read More
Introduction: Phenolic acids are secondary metabolites which have many biological activates, which are found at different organs of plants and have an important role in human health. Methods: In this study, the extraction from different organs of Nepeta macrosiphon was done using ethanol 80% as solvent, and divided into free and esterified phenolic acids. Then, the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, antioxidant activity and inhibition of alpha-glucosidase enzyme of the extracts and their fractions were evaluated by using Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride, DPPH and spectrophotometric methods, and finally their compounds were analyzed by HPLC. Results: The results indicated that the ethanolic extract of flower had the highest total phenolic and flavonoid, respectively. Also, this extract showed the highest antioxidant activity. Moreover, the flower extract had a greater ability to inhibit the alpha-glucosidase enzyme. The results of phenolic acids analysis showed that among the studied organs, flower had the highest amount of phenolic acids, and rosmarinic acid and para-coumaric acid were the main free phenolic acid, respectively, and caffeic acid was the main compound in the flower extract of esterified phenolic acids. Also, the flower extract containing free phenolic acids had the highest antioxidant activity and inhibition of alpha-glucosidase enzyme in comparison with the extracts containing esterified phenolic acids and other organs. Conclusion: Based on the results, the flower have the highest phenolic compounds, including rosmarinic, para-coumaric, and caffeic acids and due to its high antioxidant potential and inhibition of alpha-glucosidase enzyme, it can be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
Saeed Mollaei; Mahnaz Eslami; Mostafa Ebadi
Abstract
Despite a long history of medicinal use of Lepdium vesicarium, the phenolic compounds and biological activity studies have not been performed on different organs of the plant. So, after obtaining methanolic extract of the different organs (root, leave, stem, branch, and seed), the total phenolic and ...
Read More
Despite a long history of medicinal use of Lepdium vesicarium, the phenolic compounds and biological activity studies have not been performed on different organs of the plant. So, after obtaining methanolic extract of the different organs (root, leave, stem, branch, and seed), the total phenolic and flavonoid contents were assayed by spectrophotometric methods, and antioxidant and cytotoxic properties were evaluated by DPPH and MTT methods, respectively, and then free and esterified phenolic acids were analyzed by HPLC. According to the results, the methanolic extracts of seed and leaf had the highest total phenolic content, and the maximum flavonoid content was related to the stem and seed extracts. The investigation of antioxidant and cytotoxic activity against MCF-7 cells showed that the highest antioxidant activity was related to the methanolic extract of seed, and the extracts of stem and seed had the highest cytotoxic activity. The results of phenolic acids analysis indicated that caffeic acid with the amounts of 1.44±0.16 and 1.11±0.09 mg/g dry weight was the main free phenolic acids in the leaf and branch extracts, respectively. Also, salycilic acid and m-coumaric acid with the amounts of 0.98±0.07 and 0.95±0.07 mg/g dry weight were the predominant esterified phenolic acid in the root and branch extracts, respectively. Therefore, based on the results, the seeds have the highest phenolic compounds, including caffeic, ferulic and gallic acids and due to its high antioxidant potential and cytotoxicity, it can be used in the pharmaceutical and food industries.
