animal
Hossein Noornia; Reza Vakili; Saeid Sobhanirad; Mahdi elahi
Abstract
Introduction: Limited access to water or the presence of pollutants in the source has a significant effect on the health and productivity of animals. Materials and methods: 240 laying hens were tested completely randomly with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. Experimental treatments include treatment 1: ...
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Introduction: Limited access to water or the presence of pollutants in the source has a significant effect on the health and productivity of animals. Materials and methods: 240 laying hens were tested completely randomly with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. Experimental treatments include treatment 1: hens with free access to drinking water, treatment 2: hens with free access to water + low concentration of chemicals, treatment 3: hens with free access to drinking water + high concentration of chemicals, treatment 4: hens access to water every night + low concentration of chemicals and 50% limitation in average daily water consumption, treatment 5: hens access to water every night + high concentration of chemicals and 50% limitation in average daily water consumption. Results and discussion: The performance indexes were significantly affected by the effect of the treatments. Egg white and shell weight, specific gravity, egg shell shape and thickness index, corticosterone, aspartate aminotransferase enzyme, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, chlorine and blood calcium index as well as the number of white blood cells, number of red blood cells, hemoglobin and hematocrit were not affected by experimental treatments.
behzad amir; saeed sobhani rad
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and evaluation of extraction methods of tannin from leaves of Iranian walnut (Juglans regia L.) and estimation of fermentative parameters by gas production technique. Mentioned methods include maceration method, boiling method, percolation ...
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The aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition and evaluation of extraction methods of tannin from leaves of Iranian walnut (Juglans regia L.) and estimation of fermentative parameters by gas production technique. Mentioned methods include maceration method, boiling method, percolation method, and Soxhlet method. The results showed that the number of tannins in all the processing methods was reduced significantly compared to the control treatment (p < 0.05). Crude protein, crude energy, natural detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber were also increased to compare to other treatments, significantly (p < 0.05). Soaking Process compared to other treatments increased significantly cumulative gas production, the fermentable fraction (b) of gas production and also increased insignificantly the parameters of rate (c) of gas production, metabolizable energy, and digestibility of organic matter. Therefore, by comparing the chemical composition and fermentative characteristics of the processed products, it can be concluded maceration method and use distilled water compared to ethanol, is a suitable method for the extraction of tannin and its use in ruminants' feedstuff.
